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Geography Year 09 2021 > Geography Y09 Spr1 > Flashcards

Geography Y09 Spr1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1.1 plate tectonics

A

theory of earth’s structure and causes of earthquakes and volcanoes

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2
Q

1.2 natural hazard

A

a natural event that poses a risk to human life

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3
Q

1.3 crust

A

the thinnest layer of the earth that we consider the ‘surface’

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4
Q

1.4 mantle

A

the layer underneath the crust containing liquid rock

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5
Q

1.5 core

A

the centre layer of the earth that is solid rock

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6
Q

1.6 magma

A

liquid rock found in the mantle

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7
Q

1.7 convection currents

A

currents driving moving magma in the mantle

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8
Q

1.8 continental drift

A

the theory of plate tectonics moving around the earth’s surface

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9
Q

1.9 earthquake

A

the shaking of the earth’s crust

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10
Q

1.1 focus

A

the centre of the earthquake underground

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11
Q

1.11 epicentre

A

the centre of the earthquake found on the crust

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12
Q

1.12 seismometer

A

an instrument used to measure the power of an earthquake

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13
Q

1.13 magnitude

A

the power of an earthquake

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14
Q

1.14 Richter scale

A

measures the magnitude of an earthquake

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15
Q

1.15 Mercalli scale

A

measure the destruction level of an earthquake

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16
Q

1.16 plate margin

A

the border where two tectonic plates meet

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17
Q

1.17 destructive plate margin

A

when one plate pushes under another, into the mantle, e.g. Nazca and South American plates

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18
Q

1.18 constructive plate margin

A

when two plates pull apart from each other, making new land, e.g. North American and Eurasian plates

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19
Q

1.19 collision plate margin

A

two plates hit each other and land is forced upwards to form mountains e.g. Indian and Eurasian plates

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20
Q

1.2 conservative plate margin

A

two plates slide past each other - no land is destroyed or created, e.g. North American and Pacific plates

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21
Q

1.21 adaptation

A

teaching people how to live with the risk of volcanoes and earthquakes.

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22
Q

1.22 mitigation

A

the act of protecting people from the effects of volcanoes and earthquakes

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23
Q

2.1 number of layers

A

four

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24
Q

2.2 inner core

A

hottest part, dense and made of solid metal

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25
Q

2.3 outer core

A

dense and made of metals iron and nickel

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26
Q

2.4 mantle

A

made of liquid rock called magma

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27
Q

2.5 crust

A

•thin and cold on the surface of the earth

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28
Q

2.6 magma

A

liquid rock found in the mantle

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29
Q

3.1 place

A

a portion of geographic space that is unique in some way and can be compared with other places

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30
Q

3.2 space

A

interactions that link places together e.g. the movement of people from one place to another (migration)

31
Q

3.3 scale

A

understanding where certain places are at a variety of scales ranging from local (nearby) to global (worldwide)

32
Q

3.4 environmental impacts

A

the effect that people and/or natural occurrences have on the environment and our surroundings

33
Q

3.5 physical & human processes

A

Human or physical mechanisms of change, such as migration or sea-level rise

34
Q

4.1 hemisphere

A

half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator

35
Q

4.2 continent

A

one of several land masses

36
Q

4.3 ocean

A

a body of water that comprises most of a planet’s hydrosphere

37
Q

4.4 sea

A

a body of water found on the margins of theoceanand partially enclosed by land

38
Q

4.5 monarchy

A

a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state

39
Q

4.6 democratic

A

a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their government

40
Q

4.7 conflict

A

a clash of interest or disagreement between people and/or countries

41
Q

4.8 relief

A

the lay of the land: mountainous or flat, rivers or desert

42
Q

4.9 physical feature

A

the natural characteristics that make up a place

43
Q

4.1 human feature

A

characteristics of a place that have been made by humans

44
Q

4.11 desert

A

an area of land that receives no more than 25cm of precipitation per year

45
Q

4.12 precipitation

A

rainfall, snow, sleet, hail

46
Q

4.13 climate

A

the average or expected weather conditions over a long period of time in an area (usually 30 years)

47
Q

4.14 development

A

the process of improving a country and making citizens wealthier

48
Q

4.15 commodity

A

a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold

49
Q

4.16 tourism

A

the operation of holidays and visits to places of interest

50
Q

4.17 LIC

A

low income countries

51
Q

4.18 HIC

A

high income countries

52
Q

4.19 water insecurity

A

a lack of sufficient water to meet human needs, or scarcity of water supplies

53
Q

4.2 drought

A

long shortages in water supplies, either through lack of precipitation or a fall in groundwater supplies

54
Q

4.21 agriculture

A

the science or practice of farming

55
Q

4.22 irrigation

A

the supply of water to land or crops to help growth

56
Q

4.23 desalination

A

the process of removing salt from seawater

57
Q

4.24 sustainable

A

meeting the needs of people today without impacting future generations

58
Q

4.25 strategic

A

to help business or government achieve their overall goals.

59
Q

4.26 poverty

A

the state of being extremely poor

60
Q

4.27 corruption

A

a form of dishonesty or a criminal offence by a person or an organisation in a position of authority so that only they benefit

61
Q

4.28 birth rate

A

the number of live births per thousand of population per year

62
Q

4.29 life expectancy

A

the number of years a person can expect tolive

63
Q

5.1 Positive Impacts of Tourism on employment

A

provides jobs for locals

64
Q

5.2 Positive Impacts of Tourism on economy

A

income from tourists spending money

65
Q

5.3 Positive Impacts of Tourism on infrastructure

A

Money from tourism can be spent on improving the country in terms of healthcare, education and roads. This is known as infrastructure.

66
Q

5.4 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Culture

A

cultural erosion of the host country

67
Q

5.5 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Resources

A

Many tourists can use up valuable resources e.g. water supply.

68
Q

5.6 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Infrastructure

A

Money made from tourism is often only spent on making facilities better for the tourists and not the locals.

69
Q

5.7 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Workers

A

The tourism industry can exploit migrant workers.

70
Q

5.8 Negative Impacts of Tourism on the Environment

A

Tourism can have huge environmental impacts e.g. water pollution impacting on wildlife.

71
Q

6.2 sustainable development

A

improving places in such a way that does not harm the environment or the people in it for now or for future generations

72
Q

6.3 cultural awareness

A

our understanding of the differences between ourselves and people from other countries or other backgrounds

73
Q

6.4 cultural diversity

A

our ability to recognise that there are a large amount of different cultures that exist around our world

74
Q

6.5 environmental impacts

A

the effect that people and/or natural occurrences have on the environment and our surroundings

Geography Year 09 2021 (3 decks)

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