Geography Y09 Aut1

Question 1

Front of Card

Answer 1

Back of Card

Question 2

Plate Tectonics

Answer 2

Theory of Earth’s structure and causes of earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 3

natural hazard

Answer 3

A natural event that poses a risk to human life.

Question 4

crust

Answer 4

The thinnest layer of the Earth that we consider the ‘surface’.

Question 5

mantle

Answer 5

The layer underneath the crust containing liquid rock.

Question 6

core

Answer 6

The centre layer of the Earth that is solid rock.

Question 7

magma

Answer 7

Liquid rock found in the mantle.

Question 8

convection currents

Answer 8

currents driving moving magma in the mantle.

Question 9

continental drift

Answer 9

The theory of plate tectonics moving around the Earth’s surface.

Question 10

lava

Answer 10

Liquid rock pushes through the Earth’s crust in an eruption.

Question 11

volcano

Answer 11

Lava pushes through the Earth’s crust in an eruption.

Question 12

earthquake

Answer 12

The shaking of the Earth’s crust.

Question 13

tsunami

Answer 13

Harbour wave – a large wave created by an underwater earthquake.

Question 14

focus

Answer 14

The centre of the earthquake underground.

Question 15

epicentre

Answer 15

The centre of the earthquake found on the crust.

Question 16

seismometer

Answer 16

An instrument used to measure the power of an earthquake.

Question 17

magnitude

Answer 17

The power of an earthquake.

Question 18

Richter scale

Answer 18

Measures the magnitude of an earthquake.

Question 19

Mercalli scale

Answer 19

Measure the destruction level of an earthquake.

Question 20

plate margin

Answer 20

The border where two tectonic plates meet.

Question 21

destructive plate margin

Answer 21

When one plate pushes under another, into the mantle. E.g. Nazca plate and South American.

Question 22

constructive plate margin

Answer 22

When two plates pull apart from each other, making new land. E.g. North American and Eurasian plates.

Question 23

collision plate margin

Answer 23

Two plates hit each other, and land is forced upwards to form mountains E.g. Indian and Eurasian plates.

Question 24

conservative plate margin

Answer 24

Two plates slide past each other. No land is destroyed or created, E.g. North American and Pacific plates.

Question 25

pyroclastic flows

Answer 25

A mixture fast-moving of gas and lava

Question 26

adaptation

Answer 26

Teaching people how to live with the risk of volcanoes and earthquakes.

Question 27

mitigation

Answer 27

The act of protecting people from the effects of volcanoes and earthquakes.