geography unit 4 test 😭😭😭😭😭😭 Flashcards
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What are two problems facing farming?
Bad farming practices can result in soil being eroded into rivers or fertility being washed out of the soil.
Most cities are built on land that is well suited for farming, so urban growth reduces the amount of farmland available.
What are two major factors that influence farming
The two major factors that influence farming are climate and land quality.
What Are The 2 Types of farming
Intensive farming involves relatively small areas of land, and also requires large amounts of labour.
It’s located near large urban areas and produces products such as dairy products for the nearby large population.
Extensive farming involves large areas of land, and also requires relatively small amounts of labour.
It produces products such as wheat and cooking oil for export.
What is GDD? Describe why a high GDD is good for growing crops.
(GDD) is growing degree-days; it’s a measure of how warm the growing season is in a given location.
A high GDD is good for growing crops; because the higher the GDDs, the warmer the climate and the wider the range of crops you can grow.
What does it mean when consumers purchase a product with the FSC label?
(The FSC has developed standards for responsible forest use and certifies products and organisations that meet their standards.)
So, When consumers shop for things like paper towels, printer paper, lumber, and more, they can look for the FSC logo and know that they are doing the right thing.
What are two problems facing fishing?
Overfishing
Pollution of the ocean can reduce the numbers of fish and make the fish dangerous to eat.
What is the impact of climate change on fishing?
Since oceans around the world are warming, fish populations are moving.
What is the difference between inshore and offshore fishing?
Inshore =
(Inshore Fishery) Commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small, independently owned boats.
Offshore =
(Offshore Fishery) Commercial fishing carried out farther from shore in larger company-owned boats.
What is aquaculture?
Aquaculture is Fish Farming.
What is the difference between water stores and water flows?
Water stores: places in the world where water is stored.
Water flows: mechanisms by which stores move from one reserve to another.
What is the aridity index?
Aridity Index: a value used to show water availability. It combines measures of supply and natural demand.
What are three major uses of water?
Agriculture Use.
Domestic Use.
Industrial (Industry) Use.
. Why are Canadians used to having high-quality water available at a low cost?
1) Canadians have access to vast amounts of water when compared to most countries in the world. (2 million freshwater lakes, the great lakes)
2) Canada is a wealthy country and can afford to build and maintain the complex system of water treatment plants, pumps, and pipes needed to ensure that when we turn on the tap, we get what we want and need at a very low price.
List the four energy demands (and %) in Canada.
Industrial (48%)
Transportation (25%)
Residential (14%)
Commercial and Institutional (13%)
The two most important fossil fuels in Canada are: _______ and __ ____
Oil
Natural gas
How are fossil fuels formed?
All of the fossil fuels were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived more than 100 million years ago. After they died, sediments that gradually became layers of sedimentary rock covered them. Meanwhile, the plant and animal remains decomposed and were converted into the fuels (fossil fuels) we know.
What is fracking?
Fracking: a variety of techniques used to break up shale layers far below the surface in order to liberate natural gas and/or oil that has been trapped. Injecting a mixture of water, sand, and dozens of chemicals into a well usually breaks up the rock.
List the renewable energy sources used in Ontario
Hydroelectric.
Bioenergy.
Solar.
Wind.
What are mineral deposits called that are economical to mine?
Mineral deposits rich enough to justify mining are known as mineral reserves.
What are indicator minerals and how are they used to find diamonds?
Indicator minerals are minerals that are found in the same rocks as diamond Kimberltie then helps locate diamond deposits by providing an approximate area of where diamonds are
Why is the development of the Ring of Fire in northern Ontario controversial?
The development of the Ring of Fire in northern Ontario is controversial due to concerns about environmental impacts, Indigenous rights, economic benefits, and infrastructure requirements. Balancing these issues requires careful consideration and collaboration among stakeholders to ensure responsible and sustainable development.
the Agri-food industry statistics
- employed 2.3 million people
-provided 1 in 9 jobs in Canada
-Generated 150 billion (around 7%) of Canada’s GDP
-The system represents an integrated supply chain
Primary Agriculture
STAGE 1: Primary Agriculture
- Defined as work that is performed within the boundaries of a farm, nursery or greenhouse
- GDP: 31.7 billion (1.4%)
- Jobs: 247,200
Food and Beverage processors
STAGE 2: Food and Beverage processors
- Transform raw food materials or substances into new products which may be finished, so that they are ready to be consumed
- GDP: 35.2 billion (1.6%)
- Jobs: 322,600
Food Service, Retailers and Wholesalers
STAGE 3: Food Service, Retailers and Wholesalers
- These are the link between food production and consumers
- GDP: 30.5 Billion (1.4%)
- Jobs: 971,100
What are five reasons Canada is a leader in food production and processing?
1 -Abundant land and water resources
2 -Access to international markets
3 -Strong research and development capacity
4 -Strong global reputation as a trusted supplier of safe, top-quality food
5 -Strong stewards of the land
Extraction of Resources (definition)
The extraction of resources refers to the withdrawing of materials from the environment for human use
-Fossil fuels (Energy)
-Biomass via Deforestation
-Fishing
-Water
-Soil depletion/Pesticide Use (Farming)
Symptoms of fossil fuel extraction
FOSSIL FUELS (energy resource extraction)
-Air, water, soil pollution
-Destructions of Habits and Ecosystems
Symptoms of logging
(deforestation)
-Land Degradation
-Air, water and soil pollution
-Destruction of habitats and ecosystems
-Erosion
consequences of fishing
-overfishing
-Bycatch (catching different fish on accident)
-Ghost fishing (nets that have been abandoned damaging sealife)
- Habitat damage
-Impacts on the food web (too many fish could leave less food for sea life)
-Discarded fishing gear
consequences of water use
-Wildlife death and migration
-Loss of habitat and species diversity
-Salination (when water or soil becomes increasingly salty)
-Soil degradation
-Groundwater contamination
consequences of farming
-Soil erosion
-Water, soil and air pollution
-Carbon emissions
- Climate change
-Deforestation
Total Stock
All parts of the natural environment including energy, living organisms, and nonliving materials. For example, sunlight, trees, and water are all part of the total stock.
Resource
Anything that can be used to produce goods and services, such as raw materials, workers, money and land.
Natural Resource
Things found in the total stock that people find useful
Renewable Resource
Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully
Non-Renewable Resources
natural resources that are finite, limited, and cannot be replaced once they are used up
Flow Resources
Resources that are replaced by natural actions and must be used when and where they occur or be lost
What is the Primary Sector
(Also called extractive industry) An industry that focuses on producing or extracting natural resources. This sector includes forest industries, agriculture, mining, and fishing.
What is the Secondary Sector
An industry that focuses on making things using the products of primary industries. This sector includes manufacturing, construction, and utilities (the provision and distribution of electricity, water, natural gas, e.t.c.)
What is the Tertiary Sector
(Also called service or services-providing industry) An industry that focuses on providing services. This sector includes “everything else” that is not included in the primary and secondary industries.
What is the Quaternary sector?
Focused on transmission of ideas
Fields of employment include
-Education
-Government
-Cultural Institutions
-Scientific Research
Primary Sector Statistics
-Contribute about 6% of the total value of goods and services produced in Canada.
-Canada is the second - largest exporter of forest products in the world.
-Canada is one of the largest exporters of oil and gas.
-Canada is one of the largest suppliers of wheat and other grains.
-Canada is one of the largest exporters of seafood.
Secondary Sector Statistics
In Canada, manufacturing accounted for $169.3-billion of the national gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021.
What industries are in the Tertiary Sector
-Wholesale
-Retail
-Sales
-Entertainment Industry
-Insurance
-Media
How many people does the Tertiary compared to the Secondary industries employ?
*Service industries in Canada employ about 7.5 million people compared to manufacturing industries which employ 3.6 million people.
What is Jacob’s favorite animal
Seahorses
What did Mr. Okonsky get his son for christmas?
A Nintendo Switch
