Geography- Unit 1.3.3/ Flood management

Question 1

Soft engineering examples x5

Answer 1

Washlands
Afforestation
River restoration
Flood plain zoning
Do nothing

Question 2

Hard engineering examples x4

Answer 2

Flood relief channels
Channelisation
Building dams/ reservoirs
Embankments

Question 3

What is hard engineering?

Answer 3

Physically building something artificial, which can disrupt natural processes and is often costly and unsightly

Question 4

What is soft engineering?

Answer 4

Uses natural and sustainable processes to prevent flooding. Is not as effective as hard engineering but are often cheaper and sightly.

Question 5

What and why is doing nothing good a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 5

DESCRIPTION:
Letting the river flood naturally
POSITIVE:
-Deposition makes fertile soil
NEGATIVE:
-Can be damaging

Question 6

What and why is afforestation a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 6

DESCRIPTION:
Vegetating/ planting trees around a river
POSITIVE:
-More interception and therefore less discharge
-Less soil erosion
-Low cost
NEGATIVE:
-Takes time for trees to grow
-Disrupts hydrobiological cycle

Question 7

What and why is washlands a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 7

DESCRIPTION:
An area of land where water can flow into if there is a flood
POSITIVE:
-Slows flooding
-Creates fertile soil
NEGATIVE:
-Limmits land use in some areas ( as it will flood)

Question 8

What and why is river restoration a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 8

DESCRIPTION:
Restores a rivers biodiversity in hopes it will prevent flooding.
POSITIVE:
- Natural
- Sightly
NEGATIVE:
- Flooding may still occur
- Changes to land could be negative

Question 9

What and why is river flood plain zoning a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 9

DESCRIPTION:
The government stops building on places with flood risk
POSITIVE:
- Prevents damage to buildings in flooding
- Flooding isn’t costly as buildings aren’t destroyed
NEGATIVE:
- Not possible in already established cities

Question 10

What and why are flood relief channels a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 10

DESCRIPTION:
A channel is built next to a river to contain the extra discharge when floods occur.
POSITIVE:
-Prevents overflow
NEGATIVE:
- Costly
-Unsightly
- Often unused ( floods aren’t that common)

Question 11

What and why are flood is channelisation a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 11

DESCRIPTION:
River course is deepened and straightened
POSITIVE:
-Allows room for more discharge
NEGATIVE:
- Causes flooding downstream instead
- Costly
- Erosion downstream due to more water

Question 12

What and why is building dams and reservoirs a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 12

DESCRIPTION:
Structures (walls) are built to hold water e.g in artificial lakes
POSITIVE:
-Store water
-Can be used for hydroelectricity and drinking water
NEGATIVE:
-Expensive
-Unsightly
-Floods can still occur

Question 13

What and why are embankments a positive and negative management for flooding?

Answer 13

DESCRIPTION:
Artificially enlarging leeves to raise banks
POSITIVE:
-Can be natural
-Channel holds more water
NEGATIVE:
-Expensive
-If broken, more water will flood than before, causing worse impacts.