geography unit 1 Flashcards
Kyoto protocol
-climate change
A international agreement that aims to reduce the carbon dioxide
Carbon credits
Climate change
Selling the the amount of co2 left over
Emissions trading
Climate change
Trading their co2
Carbon sinks
Climate change
Planting tress to absorb the co2 eg Amazon rainforest
Greenhouse effect
Climate change
The warming of the earths atmosphere by the releases of gasses eg Meghan carbon dioxide
Green house gases
Climate change
Any of the gases that contribute to the greenhouse eg methane ch4,carbon dioxide co2,water vapour and nitros oxide no2
Global warming
Climate change
The increase of the average temperature due to carbon dioxide and other gases due to burning fossil fuels
Long wave radiation
Climate change
Heat reflecting from the earths surface
Short wave radiation
Climate change
Energy from the sun
Keeling curve
Climate change
A graph showing the co2 in the earths surface since 1958
Ippc
Climate change
International panelon climate change
Climate
Climate change
The average weather conditions over a period of time
Weather
Climate change
The state of the atmosphere
Storm surge
Climate change
Rapid rise of sea level
Drought
Climate change
Long period of dry weather
Water stress
Climate change
Fresh water resources
Sustainability
Climate change
Meeting the needs of today’s population without the needs of further generations
Biofuels
Climate change
Any kind of fuel manufactured from living things or waste
Clean energy
Climate change
Also known has renewable energy
Energy that comes from resource which are naturally replenished eg rain,tidal
Carbon neutral
Climate change
Removing co2 from the atmosphere as we put it in
Collision margin
Hazards
Plates moving towards eachother
Both plates pushed up forming fold mountains eg Himalayas
Conservative margin
Hazard
Plates slides passed eachother
Friction overcomes and plate slip past in a sudden movement
Causing earthquake
Constructive margin
Hazards
Plates move apart
Volcanoes are formed as magma fills the gap and eventually new crust is formed
Destructive boundary
Hazards
Two plates move together Heavier plate gets pushed underneath and plate melts due to high temperatures Lots of friction causing earthquake Magma rises to form a volcanic eruption Land forms like volcanic island eg Java
Crust
Hazards
The thin outer layer of the earths surface made of rock
Earthquake
Hazards
The shaking of the earths surface caused by rock movement
Epicentre
Hazards
The point on the ground directly above the focus of an earthquake
Fold mountains
Hazards
Formed when 2 tectonics plate that move towards eachother
Geothermal energy
Hazards
Energy from the hot rock,water is pumped down to the rock and turned into steam. Can be used to heat homes or make electricity. A lot of pollution
Island arc
Hazards
A group of volcanoes usually situated in a curving arch
Lahar
Hazards
Hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow down a volcano slopes
Lava
Hazards
Melted rock that erupts from a volcano
Magma
Hazards
Melted rock below the earths surface
When reaches the surface it’s called lahar
Mantle
Hazards
The middle layer of the earth between the crust and core
Metamorphic rock
Hazards
Formed from outer rocks that are changed because of heat or pressure
Plate margin
Hazards
When oceanic and continental plates move together
Plate tectonics
Hazards
The structure of the earths crust
Richter scale
Hazards
A scale measuring earthquakes energy
Subduction zone
Hazards
Where the plates are and causing problems such as volcanic eruptions,earthquakes ect
Volcano
Hazards
A coned shaped mountain or hill formed by the lava and ash from eruptions
Population distribution
Population
The spread of people across the earths surface
Population density
Population
The number of people living within a given Arab usually a square kilometer
Rural
Population
Living in the countryside than living in the city
Urban
Population
Living in a town or city
Urbanisation
Population
Increasing number of people that move to rural to urban areas
Counterurbanisation
Population
People move from urban to rural areas
Economic migrant
Population
A person who moves from one country to another for better living
Quality of life
Population
The well being of people
Poverty
Population
Being poor
Refugee
Population
Someone who’s been forced to leave their house due to war,natural disasters eg volcano eruptions
Seasonal migration
Population
Example Moving cattle to higher ground during summer to escape heat
Endemic diseases
Population
A disease in a region or people eg malaria is endemic to tropical regions
Family planning
Population
Controlling the number of children to have and intervals between their births
Primary health care
Population
Health care in the community for people making an initial approach to a medical practitioner or treatment
Population pyramid (age-sex pyramid) Population
The deaths and births of males and females over the years
Aging population (greying) Population
Showing the population of rising life expectancy and birth rate
Birth rate
Population
Number of births per thousand people per year
Death rates
Population
Number of deaths per thousand people per year
Natural increase
Population
Refers to the difference between the number of birth rates and death rates occurring in a year multiples by 1000
Population structure
Population
How the population is divided up between males and females do different age groups
Fertility rate
Population
Represents the number of children that would be born to a women if she were to live to her child bearing years
Population policy
Population
Spins seed by the government
Globalisation
The way the world is getting smaller due to an increase in trade
What does tnc stand for
Globalization
Trans national companies
What is a Tnc
Globalization
Their head quarters are in developing countries. Factories are based in developing countries eg Apple on China
Name bad stuff about Apple
Globalization
Cheap labour
Work at young age
Cheap raw materials
Name 3 good things about Apple
Globalization
Get taught English
Money for younger workers
Offers classes
When did rana plaza collapse
Globalization
24th April last year
Where is the rana plaza
Globalization
Bangladesh
Name a social impact for China in globalization
Chinese are experiencing more of western culture eg usa McDonalds
Name a environmental impact for China in globalization
Cities such as Beijing have major pollution problems
Name a economic impact in China of globalization
More tncs have set up in China
Name two positive factors for the polish coming to the uk social
Over 500 polish doctors have migrated to the uk. Massive strain on GP better to get polish doctors
Polish shops come to uk to sell their sell
Name a negative factor for the polish coming to the UK social
In 2007 there were 42 reports to police about Attacks by uk people do the polish and there’s a hate crime
Two positives and two negatives for the polish coming to UK economic
Polishs employ uk workers
They pay tax which can be used for schools,hospitals ext
Negative
Schools getting overcrowded
Polish get benefits if been here for 12 months
Social negatives and positives for the polish for the their people coming to uk
They learn English can get a better job.
British people don’t want to work so lots of jobs for polish
More jobs,schools,hospital can’t speak other lasso more jobs for polish
Economic negatives and positives for the polish for their people coming to the uk
Negative
Young moving leaving old people there unable to do certain jobs
Positive
They send money to their family
Tariff
Globalization
Adding tax
Subsidy
Globalization
Grants of money made by the government to maintain the price of a specific industrial eg milk farmers receiver subsidy for milk
Quota
Globalization
A Limit to how much a country can give goods to another country.
Trading bloc
Globalization
A country in a group eg eu trading goods equally and no tax
Free trade
Globalization
Trading without tariffs no barriers eg fair trade and cadburys
Protectionism
Globalization
Protecting home industries by taxing goods from foreign countries
Dumping
Globalization
Selling it for low prices cheaper than local farmers can sell them.
Dumping
Globalization
Selling it for low prices cheaper than local farmers can sell them.
Why is dumping good for us
Globalization
Our farmers make money and Ghana farmers don’t And when they don’t they can lose their land and loss of money they wouldn’t lower their prices. They can’t put tariffs on uk food there to poor
Why is dumping good for us
Globalization
Our farmers make money and Ghana farmers don’t And when they don’t they can lose their land and loss of money they wouldn’t lower their prices. They can’t put tariffs on uk food there to poor
Independence
Globalization
When countries relay on each other
Independence
Globalization
When countries relay on each other
Dumping milk in wets Africa
Globalization
We’re sending them powdered milk but they kill babies because they haven’t got clean water eg Mali we charge the powder cheaper than local farmers
Dumping milk in wets Africa
Globalization
We’re sending them powdered milk but they kill babies because they haven’t got clean water eg Mali we charge the powder cheaper than local farmers
Impacts for dumping chicken
Globalization
They say our food is awful and tasteless but our food is cheaper we give them leftover chicken they would have to get use to it, it would take time
We make money they don’t they lose livelihood and farm we don’t
Impacts for dumping chicken
Globalization
They say our food is awful and tasteless but our food is cheaper we give them leftover chicken they would have to get use to it, it would take time
We make money they don’t they lose livelihood and farm we don’t
