Geography - Midterm Review Flashcards
Region defined by people’s feelings and attitudes
Perceptual region
One half of the earth
Hemisphere
Location of a place compared to other places
Relative location
A place’s physical and human characteristics
Character of a place
The position of a place on the globe
Absolute location
The 5 themes of geography
(Mr. Help) Movement Region Human-Environment interaction Location Place
Some tools that geographers use
GIS
Geographic concepts
Satellites
Some parts of geography
(Earth or things/past things/changes on earth)
Examining the earth’s landforms
Studying the cultures of the world’s people
Exploring how people and the environment interact
Example of a perceptual region
Upper midwest US
Not cities, states, countries, just areas/regions
Example of bad human-environment interaction
Deforestation
The ___ is the outer layer of the earth that has a rocky surface
Crust
Windblown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt are called ___
Loess
A ___ region is defined by people’s feelings and attitudes
Perceptual/Vernacular
Half of the globe is called a ___
Hemisphere
The layer of air, water, and other substances above the surface is the ___
Atmosphere
The thick rock layer around the earth’s core is the ___
Mantle
The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point of a landform is its ___
Relief
A ___ is a huge, slow-moving sheet of ice
Glacier
Over time, the effects of ___ can reduce a mountain to gravel
Weathering
The movement of weathered material such as gravel, soil, and sand is called ___
Erosion
The ___ consists of water in oceans, lakes, rivers, and even underground
Hydrosphere
Many caves are formed by ___ weathering
Chemical
The theory of ___ says that the earth’s outer shell is not solid rock
Plate tectonics
Soil, rocks, landforms, and other surface features make up the ___
Lithosphere
A ___ region includes one central place and the surrounding areas affected by it
Functional
When geographers observe moraines - ridgelike piles of rock and debris - they conclude that ___
A glacier once covered the area
Lava vs Magma
Molten rock is called lava when it is on the earth’s surface and magma when it is beneath the surface
Similar climates, vegetation, or landforms can be used to divide the earth into ___ region
Formal
Use for sonar
Map a section of the ocean floor
An INTERNAL force that helps create new landforms is ___
Volcanism
To classify a landform as a mountain, what does a geographer consider?
How far it rises above the surrounding land
Landforms are commonly classified according to differences in ___
Relief
The conquest of Mexico by the Spanish best illustrates which geographic theme?
Movement
The building of dams and canals to irrigate desert regions is an example of which geographic theme?
Human-Environment interaction
Converting land used for farming into land used for a housing development is an example of which geographic theme?
Human-Environment interaction
Longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the ___
Prime Meridian
What are some things that are used to determine absolute location
Equator, Prime Meridian, latitude, longitude
The movement about which geographers talk usually refers to ___
The movement of people, goods, and ideas
Use for GPS
???
Most common example of mechanical weathering
Water freezes in a crack in a rock
The greatest agent of erosion
Running water
The largest canyons and deepest valleys were created by ___
Moving water
Theory of plate tectonics states that ___
Crust is made up of large moving slabs of rock that slide slowly over a layer of the mantle
The force that probably propels the movement of the earth’s gigantic tectonic plates
Convection
Most common example of mechanical weathering
Frozen water
Frost/Ice wedging
Which type of region categorization emphasizes the relationship between core and peripheral areas?
Functional region
Mathematical calculations using longitude and latitude allow us to determine ___
Absolute location
The geographer who first calculated the earth’s circumference with relative accuracy
Ptolemy
The art and science of map making
Cartography
Examples of physical site characteristics
Type of soil, amount of rainfall, elevation
Know how to find a location on a map using coordinates
.
Water that falls directly to the earth’s surface
Precipitation
Day on which the sun is directly overhead at the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer
Solstice
One orbit around the sun
Revolution
Takes a year
Weather patterns of an area over a long period of time
Climate
Day on which the sun is directly overhead at the equator
Equinox
Climate is a term that describes ___
Weather patterns
The sun’s heat is distributed throughout the world by ___
Convection
Winds blow in curved lines because of ___
The Coriolis Effect
The earth’s precipitation occurs as convectional, orographic, or ___
Frontal
The sun’s heat is prevented from escaping back into space too quickly by the earth’s ___
Atmosphere
Grassland
Prairie
Tundra vegetation
Lichen
Mid-latitude forest tree
Deciduous
Maple
Coniferous forest tree
Pine
Example of a biome
Desert, tundra, boreal forest, tropical rainforest, temperate forest, scrubland, prairie, savannah
A biome is a ___
Major type of ecosystem
A characteristic of deciduous trees is ___
Broad leaves (not needles), grow in warmer climates, shed leaves in winter
Savannas are ___
Tropical grasslands
Adaptations that allow plants to grow in a desert environment include ___
Storage of water in thick stems, small leaves that release little water, protection against animals, seeds that can survive long periods of time before arriving in a suitable growing condition
The biome with the most diverse plant and animal life is the ___
Tropical rain forest
Economic system based on the state making all economic decisions
???
Person who leaves a country to live elsewhere
Emigrant
Beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life
Culture
Type of government in which the leaders hold almost all of the political power
Authoritarian
Growth of city populations
Urbanization
Type of government in which rulers often gain and keep power by military force
Dictatorship
Area where cultural ideas begin and from which they spread
Cultural hearth
Person who moves into a country
Immigrant
Political system in which a central government makes laws for an entire nation
Unitary system
Number of live births each year per 1,000 people
Birthrate
