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History - 9A > Geography - Chapter 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Geography - Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Geography

A

The study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other

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2
Q

GIS

A

GIS = Geographic Information System
It uses computer technology to collect, manipulate, analyze, and display data about the earth’s surface in order to solve geographic problems

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3
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact position on the globe

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4
Q

Hemisphere

A

Halves of the world

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5
Q

Relative Location

A

Relation compared to other places

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6
Q

Character of a Place

A

It consists of the place’s physical characteristics and human characteristics

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7
Q

Perception

A

A viewpoint that is influenced by one’s culture and experiences

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8
Q

Formal Regions

A

They consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it

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9
Q

Functional Regions

A

They consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it

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10
Q

Perceptual Regions

A

They are defined by people’s feelings and attitudes about areas

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11
Q

Core

A

Center of the Earth

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12
Q

Mantle

A

A thick layer of rock around the core of the Earth

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13
Q

Crust

A

The thin rocky surface layer of the Earth

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14
Q

Lithosphere

A

Made up of soil, rocks, landforms, and other surface features

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15
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of air, water, and other substances above the surface

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16
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Consists of water in oceans, lakes, and rivers

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17
Q

Biosphere

A

The world of plants, animals, and other living things that occupy the land and waters of the planet

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18
Q

Continent

A

The large landmasses in the oceans

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19
Q

Relief

A

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points

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20
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

According to this theory, the Earth’s outer shell is made up of a number of moving plates that move past and over each other

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21
Q

Continental Drift Theory

A

Theory proposed by Alfred Wegener. It proposed that there was once a single supercontinent, Pangaea, that eventually broke up into our current continents.

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22
Q

Ring of Fire

A

A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

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23
Q

Weathering

A

The breakdown of rock at or near the Earth’s surface into smaller and smaller pieces

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24
Q

Mechanical Weathering

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A

This process occurs when rock is actually broken or weakened physically

25
Chemical Weathering
This process alters a rock's chemical makeup by changing the minerals that form the rock or combining them with new chemical elements. by this process, one kind of rock can be changed into a completely different kind
26
Acid Rain
A type of chemical weathering. Chemicals in polluted air combine with water vapor and fall back to Earth as acid rain. It can eat through wood and even rock. It also poisons water.
27
Erosion
The movement of weathered materials such as gravel, soil, and sand
28
Sediment
Small particles of soil, sand, and gravel
29
Loess
Windblown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt
30
Glacier
Huge slow-moving sheets of ice. Formed by snow being pressed and frozen together
31
Moraine
Ridgelike piles of rocks and debris left behind by glaciers
32
Cartography
The creation of or study of maps
33
Cardinal Directions
Main directions. North, South, East, and West
34
Scale
A representation of proportional size. | Example: Scale on a map, 1 inch = 1 mile
35
Parallels
Another name for a line of latitude. It runs East and West, and is measured North and South
36
Equator
An imaginary line that runs around the Earth and separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres
37
Meridians
Another name for a line of longitude. It runs North and South, and is measured East and West
38
Prime Meridian
The 0 degree line of longitude that distance East or West is measured from. It runs through Greenwich, England
39
Latitude
Lines of latitude run East and West. Latitude is measured North and South
40
Longitude
Lines of latitude run North and South. Longitude is measured East and West
41
Principal Meridian
A principal north-south line used for survey control in a large region.The main meridians
42
Projections
A systematic construction of lines drawn on a plane surface representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth or celestial sphere
43
Great Circle
A circle of which a segment represents the shortest distance between two points on the surface of the earth
44
Mercator Projection
Developed in 1569 to help with navigation across the Atlantic. Distances are accurate, but it distorts the size or areas, especially the poles.
45
Robinson Projection
Tried to correct polar distortion by curving poles inward. Poles still distorted, but considerably less. Helps with distortion
46
Peters Projection
Keeps land masses equal, but shapes are distorted. It's centered on the prime meridian and the equator
47
Contour Map
A map that shows elevations above sea level and surface features of the land by means of contour lines
48
Physical Map
Physical maps displays the natural features of the earth
49
Political Map
A representation of a country's territories, boundaries, and capital(s) on paper or other material
50
Mental Map
A person's personal point-of-view perception of their own world
51
Relief
The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points
52
Special Purpose Maps
A special purpose map is a map that has more specific information other than a single topic. Specific maps will frequently have climate regions, soil, waterways and other things that you will not find on typical map
53
GPS
Global Positioning System | This system relies on a network of 24 satellites orbiting the earth
54
Transnational Corporation
Any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time; also called a multinational corporation
55
Greenwich Mean Time
the time as measured on the prime meridian running through Greenwich, England: used in England and as a standard of calculation elsewhere
56
International Dateline
A theoretical line following approximately the 180th meridian, the regions to the east of which are counted as being one day earlier in their calendar dates than the regions to the west
57
Space-Time Compression
A term used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment
58
Distance Decay
It describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases
59
Globalization
The act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of the world

History - 9A (7 decks)

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