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History - 9A > Geography - Chapter 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Geography - Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

The study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other

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2
Q

GIS

A

GIS = Geographic Information System
It uses computer technology to collect, manipulate, analyze, and display data about the earth’s surface in order to solve geographic problems

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3
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact position on the globe

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4
Q

Hemisphere

A

Halves of the world

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5
Q

Relative Location

A

Relation compared to other places

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6
Q

Character of a Place

A

It consists of the place’s physical characteristics and human characteristics

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7
Q

Perception

A

A viewpoint that is influenced by one’s culture and experiences

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8
Q

Formal Regions

A

They consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it

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9
Q

Functional Regions

A

They consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it

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10
Q

Perceptual Regions

A

They are defined by people’s feelings and attitudes about areas

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11
Q

Core

A

Center of the Earth

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12
Q

Mantle

A

A thick layer of rock around the core of the Earth

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13
Q

Crust

A

The thin rocky surface layer of the Earth

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14
Q

Lithosphere

A

Made up of soil, rocks, landforms, and other surface features

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15
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of air, water, and other substances above the surface

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16
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Consists of water in oceans, lakes, and rivers

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17
Q

Biosphere

A

The world of plants, animals, and other living things that occupy the land and waters of the planet

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18
Q

Continent

A

The large landmasses in the oceans

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19
Q

Relief

A

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points

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20
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

According to this theory, the Earth’s outer shell is made up of a number of moving plates that move past and over each other

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21
Q

Continental Drift Theory

A

Theory proposed by Alfred Wegener. It proposed that there was once a single supercontinent, Pangaea, that eventually broke up into our current continents.

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22
Q

Ring of Fire

A

A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

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23
Q

Weathering

A

The breakdown of rock at or near the Earth’s surface into smaller and smaller pieces

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24
Q

Mechanical Weathering

A

This process occurs when rock is actually broken or weakened physically

25
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

This process alters a rock’s chemical makeup by changing the minerals that form the rock or combining them with new chemical elements. by this process, one kind of rock can be changed into a completely different kind

26
Q

Acid Rain

A

A type of chemical weathering. Chemicals in polluted air combine with water vapor and fall back to Earth as acid rain. It can eat through wood and even rock. It also poisons water.

27
Q

Erosion

A

The movement of weathered materials such as gravel, soil, and sand

28
Q

Sediment

A

Small particles of soil, sand, and gravel

29
Q

Loess

A

Windblown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt

30
Q

Glacier

A

Huge slow-moving sheets of ice. Formed by snow being pressed and frozen together

31
Q

Moraine

A

Ridgelike piles of rocks and debris left behind by glaciers

32
Q

Cartography

A

The creation of or study of maps

33
Q

Cardinal Directions

A

Main directions. North, South, East, and West

34
Q

Scale

A

A representation of proportional size.

Example: Scale on a map, 1 inch = 1 mile

35
Q

Parallels

A

Another name for a line of latitude. It runs East and West, and is measured North and South

36
Q

Equator

A

An imaginary line that runs around the Earth and separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres

37
Q

Meridians

A

Another name for a line of longitude. It runs North and South, and is measured East and West

38
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The 0 degree line of longitude that distance East or West is measured from. It runs through Greenwich, England

39
Q

Latitude

A

Lines of latitude run East and West. Latitude is measured North and South

40
Q

Longitude

A

Lines of latitude run North and South. Longitude is measured East and West

41
Q

Principal Meridian

A

A principal north-south line used for survey control in a large region.The main meridians

42
Q

Projections

A

A systematic construction of lines drawn on a plane surface representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth or celestial sphere

43
Q

Great Circle

A

A circle of which a segment represents the shortest distance between two points on the surface of the earth

44
Q

Mercator Projection

A

Developed in 1569 to help with navigation across the Atlantic. Distances are accurate, but it distorts the size or areas, especially the poles.

45
Q

Robinson Projection

A

Tried to correct polar distortion by curving poles inward. Poles still distorted, but considerably less. Helps with distortion

46
Q

Peters Projection

A

Keeps land masses equal, but shapes are distorted. It’s centered on the prime meridian and the equator

47
Q

Contour Map

A

A map that shows elevations above sea level and surface features of the land by means of contour lines

48
Q

Physical Map

A

Physical maps displays the natural features of the earth

49
Q

Political Map

A

A representation of a country’s territories, boundaries, and capital(s) on paper or other material

50
Q

Mental Map

A

A person’s personal point-of-view perception of their own world

51
Q

Relief

A

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points

52
Q

Special Purpose Maps

A

A special purpose map is a map that has more specific information other than a single topic. Specific maps will frequently have climate regions, soil, waterways and other things that you will not find on typical map

53
Q

GPS

A

Global Positioning System

This system relies on a network of 24 satellites orbiting the earth

54
Q

Transnational Corporation

A

Any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time; also called a multinational corporation

55
Q

Greenwich Mean Time

A

the time as measured on the prime meridian running through Greenwich, England: used in England and as a standard of calculation elsewhere

56
Q

International Dateline

A

A theoretical line following approximately the 180th meridian, the regions to the east of which are counted as being one day earlier in their calendar dates than the regions to the west

57
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

A term used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment

58
Q

Distance Decay

A

It describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases

59
Q

Globalization

A

The act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of the world

History - 9A (7 decks)

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