geography - hazards Flashcards
whats a natural hazard
a natural process which can cause death, injury or disruption to humans
whats geological hazards?
caused by land and techtonical processes
whats are meteorological hazards
caused by weather and climate
whats vulnerability?
people are more exposed to hazards so the greater possibility that they will be effected
whats HIC
Higher Income Countries
whats magnitude
more severe natural hazards cause greater effects.
what are Earths techtonic plates
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
destructive margins:
2 plates collide, the ground is foiled and forced up to create mountains or volcanoes
constructive margins:
2 plates move away from each other, magma rises to fill gaps creating a new crust.
what are volcanoes found
found on destructive and constructive plate margins
primary effects from volcanoes:
buildings and roads are destroyed by lava flows
people and animals are injured or killed
crops are damaged
what are secondary effects from volcanoes?
transport network are blocked
people are left homeless
tourism way be distupted - however it could increase ( volcanoes)
immediate responses for volcanoes
evacuate people
provide food and drink
treat injured
long term responses for volcanoes
repair/ rebuild buildings
boost economy
improve monitoring systems
where are earthquake formed
destructive, constructive , conservative margins
how are eathqaukes measured.
magnitude scale
earthquakes primary effects
buildings and bridges are destroyed
people are injured or killed by debris
transport is damaged
secondary effects for earthquakes:
people left homeless
aid vehicles get stuck
businesses are damaged
immediate responses for earthquakes
rescue people who are trapped
recover dead bodies - prevent diseases
put out fires
long term responses for earthquakes
The repair of damaged buildings
reconnect broken electricity
when was christchurch earthquake
2011
responses for Christchurch:
temporary housing
aid
pop up hospital
when was the nepal earthquake
2015
responses for Nepal Earthquake
india and china gave $1 billion
over 100 search and rescue responders
where does a tropical storm develop?
In the sea - temperature 27 degrees or higher
how long do tropical storms last
7-14 days
whats the centre of the tropical storm called
eye
whats the eye surrounded by
strong winds, low temperatures and storms clouds
primary effects of tropical storms
buildings are destroyed
rivers and coastal areas are flooded
sewage overflow
secondary effects for tropical storms
people are left homeless
shortage of clean water
roads are blocked or destroyed
what are the components of thunderstorms
heavy rain, lightning and strong winds.
what does hailstorms cause
driving dangerous
damage property + crops
heat waves
can cause death from heat exhaustion
disruption to transport
drought
lack of precipitation
water supplies can run low
what are the 3 management strategies PPP
prediction, protection , planning
what’s orbital change
the way the Earth moves around the sun changes.
what is volcanic activity
major eruptions eject large quantities of material into the atmosphere.
whats collar output?
the suns output of energy
climate change environmental effects:
warmer temperatures cause glaciers to shrink
biodiversity is decreasing
rinsing sea levels
climate change human effects:
deaths due to heat has increased
hot places are hard in inhabit
farming
weather is getting more extreme
when was the beast from the east
2018
social impact from the beast of they east
schools were closed
power cuts
economic impact from the beast of the east
£1 billion a day
environmental effects from the beast of the east
air became unstable
lots of precipitation
