biology

Question 1

what is meiosis

Answer 1

a form of cell division which produces four non-identical, haploid sex cells or gametes

Question 2

what’s a haploid cell

Answer 2

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Question 3

what’s a diploid cell

Answer 3

a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

why must gametes be haploid ?

Answer 4

beacuse they are combining with another gamete

Question 5

what is mitosis

Answer 5

the production of gametes and sexual reproduction

Question 6

what does DNA do ?

Answer 6

determines what inherited characteristics you or others have.

Question 7

what are 2 strands coiled together in DNA

Answer 7

double helix

Question 8

a set of genetic material

Answer 8

genome

Question 9

fruit extraction example …

Answer 9

using a simple solution of water soap and salt, you can break away the protein cells that hold the DNA together.

Question 10

what does mutation stand for

Answer 10

the sequence of bases in the DNA that has changed

Question 11

what’s causes mutations

Answer 11

Uv light

cigarette smoke

chemicals in environment

background radiation

Question 12

what’s artificial classification

Answer 12

features eg. colour , shape

Question 13

what’s natural classification

Answer 13

based on evolution link eg. common ancestor ———- gorillas and humans

Question 14

name the classification scale: k,p,c,o,f,g,s

Answer 14

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus , species

Question 15

what’s genetic engineering

Answer 15

changing the DNA often by inserting new genes

Question 16

benefits for GM ( genetic mutation)

Answer 16

resistant to disease
new medicine and training

Question 17

issues with GM ( genetic mutation)

Answer 17

very expensive
health issues

Question 18

types of pathogens:

Answer 18

bacteria
viruses
fungi
protists

Question 19

spreading diseases x4

Answer 19

droplet infection ( coughs )

direct contacts (STI)

food and drink ( salmonella)

breaks in skin ( HIV)

Question 20

5 barriers to infection

Answer 20

Tears
skin
lungs
stomach
scabs

Question 21

immune response:

Answer 21

pathogens are recognised on outer surface then triggers immune response.

Question 22

plant diseases example

Answer 22

rose black spot fungus

Question 23

when was penicillin found

Answer 23

1928 by alexander fleming

Question 24

what can’t be cured by antibiotics

Answer 24

viral diseases

Question 25

7 stages of human evolution

Answer 25

dryoipithecus ramapithecus australopithecus homo habilis homo erectus homo saipan’s neaderthatlensis homo sapicans

Question 26

what is a fossil

Answer 26

remains if a prehistoric plant or animal embedded into a rock

Question 27

what’s Darwin’s theory of evolution

Answer 27

Organisms that are best adapted for their environment reproduce and pass on the acquired characteristics

Question 28

what’s natural selection?

Answer 28

the best organisms will survive due to the adaption to the environment

Question 29

what’s genetic variation

Answer 29

different characteristics as a result of mutations and sexual reproduction

Question 30

continuous variation…

Answer 30

values changing gradually eg. height

Question 31

microorganisms that cause diseases

Answer 31

pathogens

Question 32

dieseases caused by pathogens are

Answer 32

communicable diseases

Question 33

examples of genetic disorders

Answer 33

down syndrome turner syndrome

Question 34

what’s malnutrition

Answer 34

when you eat too little/ much of a particular nutrients.

Question 35

how to calculate BMI

Answer 35

mass ——- height ²

Question 36

cardiovascular disease symptoms

Answer 36

chest pain weakness breathlessness fatigue

Question 37

cardiovascular increase risk if

Answer 37

smoking, stress, obese

Question 38

cardiovascular diagnosis

Answer 38

x-rays and MRI scans

Question 39

cardiovascular treatment

Answer 39

lifestyle changes ( diet and exercise) medication ( statins - blood cholesterol)