geography finals syllabus Flashcards
define goods
physical objects such as pens, apples, and cars that are bought and sold.
Define services
activities carried out to meet needs, such as teaching or treating a tooth decay
Define primary sectors
The sector of the econony where people collect things from earth; farmers and miners are in this section
Define primary products
Goods like oil and timber from the primary sector of the economy
Define secondary sector
The sector of the economy where people build things and make things, for example: factory workers
Define quaternary sector
The sector of the economy where people with high level expertise develop things that will help other sectors
Define tertiary sector
The sector of the economy where people providr services for other people, for example: healthcare
Define unemployment
When people are looking for paid work and can’t find it
Define technology
Where we put scientific discoveries and inventions to practical use
Define technology
Where we put scientific discoveries and inventions to practical use
Define globalisation
How the world is becoming more interconnected through movement of goods, people, money, and information
Define de-industrialisation
The decline of traditional manufacturing
Drfine trade wars
When countries try ti damage each others trades by placing tarrufs on imported goods
Define transnational corporation (TNC)
A company that operates in more than 1 country
Define transnational corporation (TNC)
A company that operates in more than 1 country
Define pandemic
A disease that spreads over a very wide area and affects a large number of people
Define high street
The heart of a town or city
Define industrial revolution
The period from 1760-1840 when many new machines and factories were invented/built in the UK
define artificial intelligence (AI)
When machines are programmed to do tasks that usually require human intelligence
Define gig economy
When you use online platforms to find short temporary jobs
Define carbon neutral
Adding no more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
Define tsunami
Waves generated by an earthquake in the ocean floor
Define volcano
Where lava erupts at Earth’s surface
Define lava
Liquid rock
Define geysers
A spring of water that shoots into the air every so often
Define fuma role
A vent or opening in earth’a crust which emits steam and gases
Define permafrost
The ground under the surface that is permanentlt frozen
Define steppe
A large flate area of grassland
Define taiga
A region of coniferous forest which lies between the tundra and steppe
Define tundra
A cold region where the ground is deeply frozen
what are the 4 sectors and what do people do in them?
primary sector: people producr things from the land and sea. (Ex: farmers, fishermen, miners, and oil workers)
Secondary sector: people make/build things using raw materials from ghe primaey secotr. (Ex: factory workers, house builders, construction workers)
Tertiary sector: people provide services for others (ex: teachers, drivers, entertainers, etc)
Quaternary sector: people with high level expertise solve things and develop new goods and services (ex: vaccines)
Why has globalisation been speeding up?
Because of containerism, information technology (IT), and air travel
what things push globalisation and how?
Businesses: make or buy chwap goods so they can increase profit
Governments: they favour globalisation if it helps their economy
how can globalisation be slowed down?
Events like pandemics, and governmemts using tariffs
How did the covid pandemic affect high street stores?
During covid-19 almost every singke high street store had shut down. In this time period online shopping had also been introduced, high street stores could not compete with online shops.
What are examples of gig jobs?
Food delivery, graphic designer, plumbing, etc
What does the UK need to do to be carbon neutral by 2050?
They need to start using renewable energy sources, ban all use of fossil fuels for cooking in homes, ban new petrol and diesel, and plant millions of trees.
What are some examples of green jobs?
manufacturing wind turbines, making films about the environment, find bacteria to destroy plastic waste, becoming a green politician, etc.
Define pyroclastic flow
a heavy cloud that rushes down the slope of a volcano
Define mud flow
A river of mud when a pyroclastic flow mixes with water
Volcamic gas consists of?
Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
Define crater
The hollow around a vent in a volcano
What damage do eruptions do?
Pyroclastic flow: shatters, burns, buries, and kills everything in its path
Mudflow: sweep everything along with them
Lava: destroys crops and buries towns and villages
Ash: can suffocate you, ruins crops, and can even cause roofs to collapse. The ash can also rise up into the atmoshphere and block the sun, making temperatures drop all around the world, it can also damage plane engines.
Volcanic gas: causes acid rain which kills trees and plants
What is the worlds most dangerpus volcano?
mount vesuvius
Why is mount vesuvius so dangerous?
Because it is located in a very populated area and it is fed with thick magma
Why do people still live in danger zones?
sometimes big cities are in danger zones, and sometimes people have good jobs and pleasant lives in the danger zones making them want to stay
What are the benefits of volcanoes?
Good soil: the lava fertilises soil.
Money from tourism: volcanic areas attract tourists.
geothermal energy: heat energy stored in rock.
Valuable materials: copper, silver, gold, and lead are found in extinct volcanoes.
Fossil fuels: oil and gas form deep in the ocean floor, plate movements cause uplifting of the ocean floor giving us oil and gas on land
What are 2 economic reasons people live in dnager zones
Tourism and job offers
What are 2 social reasons people still live in danger zones
Because many danger zones are big cities and people there live pleasant lives
Why is geothermal so widely available in iceland
Iceland is a volcanic island
Ehich 2 continents does Russia lie in?
Europe and Asia
What are the 2 oceans that border Russia?
The pacific ocean and the arctic ocean
Define exclave
Part of a country that is cut off the main part (Russia’s exclave is Kaliningrad(
How many time zones does russia have
11 time zones
what is Russia’s populatiom?
146 million people
What are Russia’s landscapes?
Frozen tundras, vast forests, grassy plains, sunny beaches, mountains, volcanoes, and long rivers
What is Russia’s natural wealth?
Oil, gas, coal, timber, metals, and diamonds
Which mountain acts as the border between asia and europe?
Ural mountains
What is Russia’s highest peak?
Mount elbrus in the caucasus mountains
Which of russias physical features sits on a vast basin of rock that holds oil and gas?
West siberian plate
Which plateau is rich in resources?
Centrak siberian plateau
What lies between the bering sea and sea of okhitdk?
Kamchatka plateau
Which laje contains about 20% og the world’s liquid fresh water?
Lake baikal
Why is flooding common in river lena?
As ice melts
What 3 things influence climate?
Longitude, altitude, distance from sea
Why is precipitation low in russia?
Because russia is cold, and in cold places there is little evaporation so the air is dry
what is a tundra biome?
covered in ice and snow in winter, surface thaws in summer, low plants and shurbs grow. You can find arctic foxes, polar bears, brown bears and reindeers
What is taiga biome?
Coniferous forest, you can find bearsz wolves, and siberian tigers
What is temperate forest biome?
Deciduous trees, coniferous trees, you can see wolves, foxes, deer, and squirrels
What is steppe biome?
Grassland, dry climate, you can see wheat and barley, you can find animaks like mice and hamsters
What animaks can u find in the mountains
Mountains goats, deer, lynx, and foxes
What is russias fertility rate?
1.6
Why is there inequality in russia?
the GNI per person in russia is very unevenly distributed
How is climate change affecting yakutia?
The thaw of permafrost gets deeper, the water from thawing permafrost floods rivers, wikdfires are more common, thaeing permafrost releases carbon dioxide and methane, it is harder to crow crops and graze cattle
What are the benefits of climate change in russia
Thawing permafrost makes it easier to mine important reslurces, it can help grow more crops in the long run
What is EEZ
Exlcusive economic zone
How is russia preparing to exploit the arctic ocean?
the spent billiosn on improving military bases along the coast and on islands, they are expanding their fleet of ice breakers, they have invited foreign countrjes to help extract their EEZ it has welcomed investment from China
