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geography grade 8. > geography finals syllabus > Flashcards

geography finals syllabus Flashcards

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1
Q

define goods

A

physical objects such as pens, apples, and cars that are bought and sold.

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2
Q

Define services

A

activities carried out to meet needs, such as teaching or treating a tooth decay

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3
Q

Define primary sectors

A

The sector of the econony where people collect things from earth; farmers and miners are in this section

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4
Q

Define primary products

A

Goods like oil and timber from the primary sector of the economy

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5
Q

Define secondary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people build things and make things, for example: factory workers

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6
Q

Define quaternary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people with high level expertise develop things that will help other sectors

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7
Q

Define tertiary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people providr services for other people, for example: healthcare

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8
Q

Define unemployment

A

When people are looking for paid work and can’t find it

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9
Q

Define technology

A

Where we put scientific discoveries and inventions to practical use

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10
Q

Define technology

A

Where we put scientific discoveries and inventions to practical use

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11
Q

Define globalisation

A

How the world is becoming more interconnected through movement of goods, people, money, and information

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12
Q

Define de-industrialisation

A

The decline of traditional manufacturing

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13
Q

Drfine trade wars

A

When countries try ti damage each others trades by placing tarrufs on imported goods

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14
Q

Define transnational corporation (TNC)

A

A company that operates in more than 1 country

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15
Q

Define transnational corporation (TNC)

A

A company that operates in more than 1 country

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16
Q

Define pandemic

A

A disease that spreads over a very wide area and affects a large number of people

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17
Q

Define high street

A

The heart of a town or city

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18
Q

Define industrial revolution

A

The period from 1760-1840 when many new machines and factories were invented/built in the UK

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19
Q

define artificial intelligence (AI)

A

When machines are programmed to do tasks that usually require human intelligence

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20
Q

Define gig economy

A

When you use online platforms to find short temporary jobs

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21
Q

Define carbon neutral

A

Adding no more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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22
Q

Define tsunami

A

Waves generated by an earthquake in the ocean floor

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23
Q

Define volcano

A

Where lava erupts at Earth’s surface

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24
Q

Define lava

A

Liquid rock

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25
Q

Define geysers

A

A spring of water that shoots into the air every so often

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26
Q

Define fuma role

A

A vent or opening in earth’a crust which emits steam and gases

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27
Q

Define permafrost

A

The ground under the surface that is permanentlt frozen

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28
Q

Define steppe

A

A large flate area of grassland

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29
Q

Define taiga

A

A region of coniferous forest which lies between the tundra and steppe

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30
Q

Define tundra

A

A cold region where the ground is deeply frozen

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31
Q

what are the 4 sectors and what do people do in them?

A

primary sector: people producr things from the land and sea. (Ex: farmers, fishermen, miners, and oil workers)

Secondary sector: people make/build things using raw materials from ghe primaey secotr. (Ex: factory workers, house builders, construction workers)

Tertiary sector: people provide services for others (ex: teachers, drivers, entertainers, etc)

Quaternary sector: people with high level expertise solve things and develop new goods and services (ex: vaccines)

32
Q

Why has globalisation been speeding up?

A

Because of containerism, information technology (IT), and air travel

33
Q

what things push globalisation and how?

A

Businesses: make or buy chwap goods so they can increase profit
Governments: they favour globalisation if it helps their economy

34
Q

how can globalisation be slowed down?

A

Events like pandemics, and governmemts using tariffs

35
Q

How did the covid pandemic affect high street stores?

A

During covid-19 almost every singke high street store had shut down. In this time period online shopping had also been introduced, high street stores could not compete with online shops.

36
Q

What are examples of gig jobs?

A

Food delivery, graphic designer, plumbing, etc

37
Q

What does the UK need to do to be carbon neutral by 2050?

A

They need to start using renewable energy sources, ban all use of fossil fuels for cooking in homes, ban new petrol and diesel, and plant millions of trees.

38
Q

What are some examples of green jobs?

A

manufacturing wind turbines, making films about the environment, find bacteria to destroy plastic waste, becoming a green politician, etc.

39
Q

Define pyroclastic flow

A

a heavy cloud that rushes down the slope of a volcano

40
Q

Define mud flow

A

A river of mud when a pyroclastic flow mixes with water

41
Q

Volcamic gas consists of?

A

Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide

42
Q

Define crater

A

The hollow around a vent in a volcano

43
Q

What damage do eruptions do?

A

Pyroclastic flow: shatters, burns, buries, and kills everything in its path

Mudflow: sweep everything along with them

Lava: destroys crops and buries towns and villages

Ash: can suffocate you, ruins crops, and can even cause roofs to collapse. The ash can also rise up into the atmoshphere and block the sun, making temperatures drop all around the world, it can also damage plane engines.

Volcanic gas: causes acid rain which kills trees and plants

44
Q

What is the worlds most dangerpus volcano?

A

mount vesuvius

45
Q

Why is mount vesuvius so dangerous?

A

Because it is located in a very populated area and it is fed with thick magma

46
Q

Why do people still live in danger zones?

A

sometimes big cities are in danger zones, and sometimes people have good jobs and pleasant lives in the danger zones making them want to stay

47
Q

What are the benefits of volcanoes?

A

Good soil: the lava fertilises soil.

Money from tourism: volcanic areas attract tourists.

geothermal energy: heat energy stored in rock.

Valuable materials: copper, silver, gold, and lead are found in extinct volcanoes.

Fossil fuels: oil and gas form deep in the ocean floor, plate movements cause uplifting of the ocean floor giving us oil and gas on land

48
Q

What are 2 economic reasons people live in dnager zones

A

Tourism and job offers

49
Q

What are 2 social reasons people still live in danger zones

A

Because many danger zones are big cities and people there live pleasant lives

50
Q

Why is geothermal so widely available in iceland

A

Iceland is a volcanic island

51
Q

Ehich 2 continents does Russia lie in?

A

Europe and Asia

52
Q

What are the 2 oceans that border Russia?

A

The pacific ocean and the arctic ocean

53
Q

Define exclave

A

Part of a country that is cut off the main part (Russia’s exclave is Kaliningrad(

54
Q

How many time zones does russia have

A

11 time zones

55
Q

what is Russia’s populatiom?

A

146 million people

56
Q

What are Russia’s landscapes?

A

Frozen tundras, vast forests, grassy plains, sunny beaches, mountains, volcanoes, and long rivers

57
Q

What is Russia’s natural wealth?

A

Oil, gas, coal, timber, metals, and diamonds

58
Q

Which mountain acts as the border between asia and europe?

A

Ural mountains

59
Q

What is Russia’s highest peak?

A

Mount elbrus in the caucasus mountains

60
Q

Which of russias physical features sits on a vast basin of rock that holds oil and gas?

A

West siberian plate

61
Q

Which plateau is rich in resources?

A

Centrak siberian plateau

62
Q

What lies between the bering sea and sea of okhitdk?

A

Kamchatka plateau

63
Q

Which laje contains about 20% og the world’s liquid fresh water?

A

Lake baikal

64
Q

Why is flooding common in river lena?

A

As ice melts

65
Q

What 3 things influence climate?

A

Longitude, altitude, distance from sea

66
Q

Why is precipitation low in russia?

A

Because russia is cold, and in cold places there is little evaporation so the air is dry

67
Q

what is a tundra biome?

A

covered in ice and snow in winter, surface thaws in summer, low plants and shurbs grow. You can find arctic foxes, polar bears, brown bears and reindeers

68
Q

What is taiga biome?

A

Coniferous forest, you can find bearsz wolves, and siberian tigers

69
Q

What is temperate forest biome?

A

Deciduous trees, coniferous trees, you can see wolves, foxes, deer, and squirrels

70
Q

What is steppe biome?

A

Grassland, dry climate, you can see wheat and barley, you can find animaks like mice and hamsters

71
Q

What animaks can u find in the mountains

A

Mountains goats, deer, lynx, and foxes

72
Q

What is russias fertility rate?

A

1.6

73
Q

Why is there inequality in russia?

A

the GNI per person in russia is very unevenly distributed

74
Q

How is climate change affecting yakutia?

A

The thaw of permafrost gets deeper, the water from thawing permafrost floods rivers, wikdfires are more common, thaeing permafrost releases carbon dioxide and methane, it is harder to crow crops and graze cattle

75
Q

What are the benefits of climate change in russia

A

Thawing permafrost makes it easier to mine important reslurces, it can help grow more crops in the long run

76
Q

What is EEZ

A

Exlcusive economic zone

77
Q

How is russia preparing to exploit the arctic ocean?

A

the spent billiosn on improving military bases along the coast and on islands, they are expanding their fleet of ice breakers, they have invited foreign countrjes to help extract their EEZ it has welcomed investment from China

geography grade 8. (3 decks)

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