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geography grade 8. > chapter 1 and 5 quiz > Flashcards

chapter 1 and 5 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

define rock

A

the hard material that forms Earths surface

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2
Q

when was earths rock first formed

A

4.5 billion years ago

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3
Q

what is rock made of?

A

rock is a mixture of minerals

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4
Q

what is a mineral?

A

a mineral is a natural compound. minerals mainly exist in crystals

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5
Q

what minerals is granit made of?

A

quartz and feldpsars

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6
Q

what minerals are sandstone made of?

A

mainly quartz, mixed with some feldspars

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7
Q

what minerals are limestone made of?

A

mainly calcite, often mixed with some quartz. (chalk is a form of limestone.)

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8
Q

what is the geological name of silicon dioxide?

A

quartz

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9
Q

in which ways does the building industry use rocks?

A

concrete, cement, and aggregate

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10
Q

where do we get metals from?

A

metal ores

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11
Q

which ore do we get aluminium from?

A

bauxite

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12
Q

how does rocks benefit us?

A

soil for food, buldings, phones, jewlery, concrete

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13
Q

what are the 3 rock groups?

A

sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

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14
Q

how is sedimentary rock formed?

A

rock gets eroded, these rocks get dumped on the ocean floor as sediment. Over the hears the layer of sediment builds up. The pressed causes the particles to squeeze together and form new rock

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15
Q

name 2 sedimentary rocks

A

mudstone, sandstone (etc)

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16
Q

name 2 igneous rocks

A

granite, basalt (etc)

17
Q

name 2 igneous rocks

A

basalt, granite (etc)

18
Q

metamorphic rock

A

marble, slate (etc)

19
Q

what is the kost common rock on earths surface

A

Igneous

20
Q

types of physical weathering

A

Heating and cooling. Freeze thaw weathering, reducing pressure, exfoliation, and by living things

21
Q

types of chemical weathering

A

rain as its slightly acidic

22
Q

How is clay formed

A

water reacts eith feldspars

23
Q

what happens when rocks containing quartz breaks down

A

The quartz are set free as sand

24
Q

the speed of rock breaking down depends on?

A

the climate and the rock

25
Q

hoe is soil formed

A

when sand and clay are mixed with rotting vegetation

26
Q

Explain the rock cycle

A

rock at earths surface gets broken down by weathering, these bits are picked up by the rivers and is transports it. The sediments build up and eventually form sedimentary rock. The rock then is forced down to earths crust and turns into a metamorphic rock. This rock then melts and turn into magma. The magma rises and cools to form igenous rock. Some rocks also get raised or uplifted.

27
Q

What drives the rock cycle?

A

Gravity

28
Q

Where did life first start?

A

In the sea

29
Q

which appeared first, plants or animals?

A

Animals

30
Q

Name the kayers of the soil profile

A

humus (layer of decayed plants and animals, rotting vegetation)
topsoil (rich in humus and minerals)
Subsoil (very little humus, rich in minerals, roots of trees reach to this layer.)
Rock that is being weathered (it has been broken into chunks, very little sign of life are found)
Bedrock (solid rock, has not been weathered yet)

31
Q

what does soil provide humans

A

helps grow our body and provides us food

32
Q

name the layers of the earth

A

crust, outer mantle, inner mantle, outer core, and inner core

33
Q

What do diverging plates create?

A

Earthquakes and mountain ridges under water

34
Q

What do converging plates create?

A

Earthquakes, ocean trenches, and mountains

35
Q

what do conservative plates form?

A

Earthquakes

36
Q

How are earthquakes formed?

A

When 2 plates margins/boundaries push into eachother and causes energy to be stored up

37
Q

How thick are the layers of earth?

A

Crust- 7-70 km thick
Outer and inner mantle- 2900 km thick
Outer core- 2220 km thick
Inner core- 1260 km thick

geography grade 8. (3 decks)

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