chapter 1 and 5 quiz Flashcards
define rock
the hard material that forms Earths surface
when was earths rock first formed
4.5 billion years ago
what is rock made of?
rock is a mixture of minerals
what is a mineral?
a mineral is a natural compound. minerals mainly exist in crystals
what minerals is granit made of?
quartz and feldpsars
what minerals are sandstone made of?
mainly quartz, mixed with some feldspars
what minerals are limestone made of?
mainly calcite, often mixed with some quartz. (chalk is a form of limestone.)
what is the geological name of silicon dioxide?
quartz
in which ways does the building industry use rocks?
concrete, cement, and aggregate
where do we get metals from?
metal ores
which ore do we get aluminium from?
bauxite
how does rocks benefit us?
soil for food, buldings, phones, jewlery, concrete
what are the 3 rock groups?
sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
how is sedimentary rock formed?
rock gets eroded, these rocks get dumped on the ocean floor as sediment. Over the hears the layer of sediment builds up. The pressed causes the particles to squeeze together and form new rock
name 2 sedimentary rocks
mudstone, sandstone (etc)
name 2 igneous rocks
granite, basalt (etc)
name 2 igneous rocks
basalt, granite (etc)
metamorphic rock
marble, slate (etc)
what is the kost common rock on earths surface
Igneous
types of physical weathering
Heating and cooling. Freeze thaw weathering, reducing pressure, exfoliation, and by living things
types of chemical weathering
rain as its slightly acidic
How is clay formed
water reacts eith feldspars
what happens when rocks containing quartz breaks down
The quartz are set free as sand
the speed of rock breaking down depends on?
the climate and the rock
hoe is soil formed
when sand and clay are mixed with rotting vegetation
Explain the rock cycle
rock at earths surface gets broken down by weathering, these bits are picked up by the rivers and is transports it. The sediments build up and eventually form sedimentary rock. The rock then is forced down to earths crust and turns into a metamorphic rock. This rock then melts and turn into magma. The magma rises and cools to form igenous rock. Some rocks also get raised or uplifted.
What drives the rock cycle?
Gravity
Where did life first start?
In the sea
which appeared first, plants or animals?
Animals
Name the kayers of the soil profile
humus (layer of decayed plants and animals, rotting vegetation)
topsoil (rich in humus and minerals)
Subsoil (very little humus, rich in minerals, roots of trees reach to this layer.)
Rock that is being weathered (it has been broken into chunks, very little sign of life are found)
Bedrock (solid rock, has not been weathered yet)
what does soil provide humans
helps grow our body and provides us food
name the layers of the earth
crust, outer mantle, inner mantle, outer core, and inner core
What do diverging plates create?
Earthquakes and mountain ridges under water
What do converging plates create?
Earthquakes, ocean trenches, and mountains
what do conservative plates form?
Earthquakes
How are earthquakes formed?
When 2 plates margins/boundaries push into eachother and causes energy to be stored up
How thick are the layers of earth?
Crust- 7-70 km thick
Outer and inner mantle- 2900 km thick
Outer core- 2220 km thick
Inner core- 1260 km thick
