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Geography > Geography - Ch.3 Weather and Climate > Flashcards

Geography - Ch.3 Weather and Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Weather

A

the atmospheric condition of a place over a short period of time with respect to wind, rain, temperature, humidity and pressure
Usually refers to a specific natural phenomenon

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2
Q

Climate

A

the weather pattern of a place over long periods of time

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3
Q

What does the Meteorological Department do?

A

it makes a weather forecast based on the data collected at various weather stations situated across the country using data gathered by satellites

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4
Q

What is a weather map?

A

a map that shows a variety of meteorological features of a particular place at a specific time is called a weather map

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5
Q

What are the 6 elements of weather?

A

Precipitation
Humidity
Atmospheric Pressure
Wind
Clouds
Temperature

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6
Q

What is wind?

A

the horizontal movement of air over the Earth’s surface

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7
Q

What is the main characteristic of wind?

A

it moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure

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8
Q

What is loo?

A

it is an example of a hot dry wind that originates in the desert of the north western part of the Indian Subcontinent

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9
Q

Wind is a form of ____ energy caused by the combination of what three concurrent events

A

Solar
-The irregularities on earth’s surface
-the sun heating the atmosphere unevenly
-rotation of the earth

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10
Q

What does a wind vane measure?

A

wind direction (in cardinal direction or degrees)

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11
Q

What is an anemometer? What does it measure?

A

An anemometer consists of 3 or 4 cups attached to the horizontal arms rotating on a central axis
it measures wind speed and direction

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12
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

it is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere

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13
Q

What instrument measures air pressure?

A

Aneroid barometer (in millibars)

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14
Q

How does a barometer work?

A

works by balancing the weight of mercury in the glass tube against the air pressure

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15
Q

What causes circulation of air in the atmosphere?

A

A difference in pressure causes the horizontal movement of air/wind and the vertical movement of air/current, which together cause the circulation of air

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16
Q

Give geographical reason low air pressure is an indication of stormy weather

A

low pressure is an indication of stormy weather because it draws winds from surrounding high-pressure areas

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17
Q

What is temperature?

A

term used to express the intensity of heat

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18
Q

How does a thermometer work?

A

a thermometer works on the principle that mercury expands when heated and contracts when cooled

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19
Q

State the scales most commonly used to measure temperature

A

Celsius: 0 - 100
Fahrenheit: 32 - 212

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of thermometers and what to they record?

A

maximum thermometer - highest temperature
Minimum thermometer - lowest temperature
Six’s Thermometer - both highest and lowest throughout the day

21
Q

What are the 9 geographical factors that affect temperature?

A

Latitude
Altitude
Clouds
Rainfall
Wind
Ocean currents
Distance from sea
Soil
(Lions Always Catch Rabbits When Owners Dare Sleep)

22
Q

Which thermometer uses alcohol instead of mercury

A

Minimum thermometer

23
Q

How can mean daily temperature be recorded?

A

average of maximum and minimum temperature

24
Q

How can mean monthly temperature be recorded?

A
  • add the average temperature for a month
  • divide by total no. of days in said month
25
Q

How can annual range temperature be recorded?

A
  • find difference between highest and lowest mean monthly temperatures
26
Q

What is absolute humidity?

A

actual amount of moisture present in the air

27
Q

What is Humidity?

A
  • it is the amount of moisture or water vapour present in the air (at a given point of time)
28
Q

What is relative humidity

A

ratio of water vapour in the air to the total amount of water vapour it can hold (expressed as percentage)

29
Q

When does the air become saturated?

A

when warm air expands and holds more water vapour (but cannot absorb any more water vapour)

30
Q

How is humidity measured?

A

wet and dry thermometer
Hygrometer

31
Q

What are the 4 forms of precipatation?

A

Rain, sleet, snow and hail

32
Q

Rain is measure with what instrument?

A

Rain gauge
Pluviography

33
Q

What is dew?

A

A form of condenstation

34
Q

How does dew form?

A

when water vapour in the air converts into tiny droplets of water or ice, its called dew

35
Q

What is the temperature at which dew forms called?

A

Dew point

36
Q

What do we use to measure dew?

A

Sling Psychrometer

37
Q

What is snow?

A

Snow is a form of precipitation that falls in the form of tiny crystals

38
Q

What are snowflakes?

A

Clumps of ice crystals

39
Q

When does snowfall occur?

A

when feathery flakes of frozen moisture fall on earth’s surface when both the cloud’s temperature and the ground temperature are below freezing both

40
Q

What instrument is used to measure snow

A

Snow gauge

41
Q

What is hail?

A

When drops of water freeze together in the cold upper regions of thunderstorm clouds, hail is formed

42
Q

What are hailstones?

A

Clunks of ice

43
Q

What are clouds?

A

A cloud is a mass of water drops or frozen crystals of water suspended in the atmosphere

44
Q

When are clouds formed?

A

Clouds are formed when warm air rises and cools down

45
Q

Why do clouds look white?

A

they reflect all the colours of the colour spectrum the exact same amount, hence they look white

46
Q

What are the four types of clouds?

A

Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrus
Nimbus

47
Q

What are isohyets?

A

imaginary contour lines on a map used to study rainfall

48
Q

What are isotherms?

A

lines on a map joining points of the same tempreture

Geography (2 decks)

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