Ch.8 Energy And Power Resources Flashcards
what is energy
ability to do work
what is a resource
any physical material constituting a part of the Earth that people value and need
how are fossil fuels formed?
natural processes such as the decomposition of dead organisms buried deep inside the earth
what are conventional resources of power
power sources that
- have been used extensively in the form they are currently known
- are non renewable
- ecologically hazardous except hydel power plants
what are non conventional resources of power
a fairly recently discovered/harnessed renewable resource
generates energy in an environment-friendly way
using modern technology
what are non conventional resources also known as
alternative energy resource
what is Coal commonly called
Black Gold or Buried Sunshine
how is coal formed
compressed, decayed remains of ancient tropical forests and ferns
- that became submerged and accumulated on swampy ground
- over millions of years
what are the 4 types of coal
Anthracite - 90%
Bituminous - 65% - 75%
Lignite - 40% - 60%
Peat - very little carbon
What are the largest producers of oil in India
Chattisgarh,
Odisha,
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand
what are the largest producers of coal
USA, India, Indonesia
What is petroleum also known as
Crude Oil
How is petroleum formed
- remains of ancient marine organisms (algae, plants, plankton etc.)
- buried under sediment and plant debris and constant heat and pressure transformed them into petroleum
petroleum is the main source of what products
Vaseline
kerosene
petrol
diesel oil
what are the main oilfields of the world
USA
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Canada
China
what are the main oil-producing states in India
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Where is natural gas found
- with petroleum deposits
(it is released when crude oil is brought to the surface)
how is natural gas transported
through pipelines
What the main producers of natural gas
USA, Russia, Iran
what states are the main producers of natural gas in india
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Odisha
Maharashtra
who dug the first successful well through rock to find crude oil
Col. Edwin Drake
What is nuclear energy
the energy that is obtained from the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium/thorium
What are the main producers of nuclear energy
USA
France
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Belgium
Ukraine
Where are Uranium and Thorium found in India
Uranium - singhbhum in Jharkhand
Thorium - coast of kerala
what is solar energy
solar energy is the energy which we receive from the sun (light and heat)
what is the structure of a solar panel
Photovoltaic cells are sandwiched between layers of semiconducting metals (silicon)
- each layer has different electronic properties that energies when hit by sunlight, hence creative an electric field
what are solar cells used for?
domestic lighting
street lighting
railway signals
traffic signals
water pumps
cook food, heat the oven, heat water
what is tidal energy
the energy generated from the ocean tides
what principle does tidal energy work upon
the rise and fall of tides turns the turbines to generate electricity
(harnessed by constructing dams at narrow opening of the sea)
who are the leading users of tidal power
USA, Canada, Russia, France, Norway
what places in India have potential for utilising tidal power
Gulf Of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Sunderbans (west bengal)
How is hydroelectricity created?
from water sources such as
- streams
- rivers
- natural waterfalls
- man made dams
what is principle of hydroelectricity
the water, which falls from a great height, is used to turn the wheel of a large turbine to generate electricity
What is geothermal energy
the energy derived from harnessing the heat in the interiors of the earth
how does geothermal energy work
- due to high temperatures of the earth, groundwater gets heated and produces steam and hot water
- hot water rushes gushed upwards in the form of hot streams and geysers
- this is used to run turbines to generate electricity
How does wind energy work
- when the wind blow, it turns the three blades of the windmills which are attached to a turbine
- the turbine is attached to a generator
where are the main major wind farms of the world
USA
UK
Netherlands
Germany
Denmark
Spain
where was the first modern wind turbine built
Vermont USA, 1940s
what is biogas
animal waste and all other kinds of organic waste material generated by households each day is converted into something called biogas
what are the 4 main advantages of using Biogas
- clean
- cheap
- non-polluting
- sludge left behind is a source of rich fertilizer
Hirakud Dam
Longest Dam
Mahanadi River
Odisha
Bhakranangal Dam
Largest Dam
Sutlej River’
Himachal Pradesh
Damodar Valley Project
Provides irrigation water
R. Damodar
West Bengal
Sardar Sarovar Dam
provides water to dry areas
R. Narmada
Gujarat & Rajasthan
Nagarjunasagar Dam
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R.Krishna
Telangana & Andhra Pradesh
Tehri Dam
Highest Dam
R. Bhagirathi
Uttarakhand
Kallanai Dam
Oldest Dam
R. Kaveri
Tamil Nadu
Koyna Dam
largest completed hydel power project
R.Koyna
Maharashtra
What are the 4Rs
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recovery
