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Geography > Ch.8 Energy And Power Resources > Flashcards

Ch.8 Energy And Power Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what is energy

A

ability to do work

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2
Q

what is a resource

A

any physical material constituting a part of the Earth that people value and need

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3
Q

how are fossil fuels formed?

A

natural processes such as the decomposition of dead organisms buried deep inside the earth

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4
Q

what are conventional resources of power

A

power sources that
- have been used extensively in the form they are currently known
- are non renewable
- ecologically hazardous except hydel power plants

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5
Q

what are non conventional resources of power

A

a fairly recently discovered/harnessed renewable resource
generates energy in an environment-friendly way
using modern technology

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6
Q

what are non conventional resources also known as

A

alternative energy resource

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7
Q

what is Coal commonly called

A

Black Gold or Buried Sunshine

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8
Q

how is coal formed

A

compressed, decayed remains of ancient tropical forests and ferns
- that became submerged and accumulated on swampy ground
- over millions of years

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9
Q

what are the 4 types of coal

A

Anthracite - 90%
Bituminous - 65% - 75%
Lignite - 40% - 60%
Peat - very little carbon

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10
Q

What are the largest producers of oil in India

A

Chattisgarh,
Odisha,
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand

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11
Q

what are the largest producers of coal

A

USA, India, Indonesia

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12
Q

What is petroleum also known as

A

Crude Oil

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13
Q

How is petroleum formed

A
  • remains of ancient marine organisms (algae, plants, plankton etc.)
  • buried under sediment and plant debris and constant heat and pressure transformed them into petroleum
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14
Q

petroleum is the main source of what products

A

Vaseline
kerosene
petrol
diesel oil

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15
Q

what are the main oilfields of the world

A

USA
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Canada
China

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16
Q

what are the main oil-producing states in India

A

Tamil Nadu
Assam
Gujarat
Rajasthan

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17
Q

Where is natural gas found

A
  • with petroleum deposits
    (it is released when crude oil is brought to the surface)
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18
Q

how is natural gas transported

A

through pipelines

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19
Q

What the main producers of natural gas

A

USA, Russia, Iran

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20
Q

what states are the main producers of natural gas in india

A

Tamil Nadu
Assam
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Odisha
Maharashtra

21
Q

who dug the first successful well through rock to find crude oil

A

Col. Edwin Drake

22
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

the energy that is obtained from the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium/thorium

23
Q

What are the main producers of nuclear energy

A

USA
France
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Belgium
Ukraine

24
Q

Where are Uranium and Thorium found in India

A

Uranium - singhbhum in Jharkhand
Thorium - coast of kerala

25
Q

what is solar energy

A

solar energy is the energy which we receive from the sun (light and heat)

26
Q

what is the structure of a solar panel

A

Photovoltaic cells are sandwiched between layers of semiconducting metals (silicon)

  • each layer has different electronic properties that energies when hit by sunlight, hence creative an electric field
27
Q

what are solar cells used for?

A

domestic lighting
street lighting
railway signals
traffic signals
water pumps

cook food, heat the oven, heat water

28
Q

what is tidal energy

A

the energy generated from the ocean tides

29
Q

what principle does tidal energy work upon

A

the rise and fall of tides turns the turbines to generate electricity

(harnessed by constructing dams at narrow opening of the sea)

30
Q

who are the leading users of tidal power

A

USA, Canada, Russia, France, Norway

31
Q

what places in India have potential for utilising tidal power

A

Gulf Of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Sunderbans (west bengal)

32
Q

How is hydroelectricity created?

A

from water sources such as
- streams
- rivers
- natural waterfalls
- man made dams

33
Q

what is principle of hydroelectricity

A

the water, which falls from a great height, is used to turn the wheel of a large turbine to generate electricity

34
Q

What is geothermal energy

A

the energy derived from harnessing the heat in the interiors of the earth

35
Q

how does geothermal energy work

A
  • due to high temperatures of the earth, groundwater gets heated and produces steam and hot water
  • hot water rushes gushed upwards in the form of hot streams and geysers
  • this is used to run turbines to generate electricity
36
Q

How does wind energy work

A
  • when the wind blow, it turns the three blades of the windmills which are attached to a turbine
  • the turbine is attached to a generator
37
Q

where are the main major wind farms of the world

A

USA
UK
Netherlands
Germany
Denmark
Spain

38
Q

where was the first modern wind turbine built

A

Vermont USA, 1940s

39
Q

what is biogas

A

animal waste and all other kinds of organic waste material generated by households each day is converted into something called biogas

40
Q

what are the 4 main advantages of using Biogas

A
  • clean
  • cheap
  • non-polluting
  • sludge left behind is a source of rich fertilizer
41
Q

Hirakud Dam

A

Longest Dam
Mahanadi River
Odisha

42
Q

Bhakranangal Dam

A

Largest Dam
Sutlej River’
Himachal Pradesh

43
Q

Damodar Valley Project

A

Provides irrigation water
R. Damodar
West Bengal

44
Q

Sardar Sarovar Dam

A

provides water to dry areas
R. Narmada
Gujarat & Rajasthan

45
Q

Nagarjunasagar Dam

A

_
R.Krishna
Telangana & Andhra Pradesh

46
Q

Tehri Dam

A

Highest Dam
R. Bhagirathi
Uttarakhand

47
Q

Kallanai Dam

A

Oldest Dam
R. Kaveri
Tamil Nadu

48
Q

Koyna Dam

A

largest completed hydel power project
R.Koyna
Maharashtra

49
Q

What are the 4Rs

A

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recovery

Geography (2 decks)

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