Geography

Question 1

What are we going to talk about?

Answer 1

Coasts and glaciations

Question 2

The power of the sea

Answer 2

• Ocean water is never still. There are different types of movement of ocean water under the influence of different characteristics
• temperature - salinity - density
• movements of ocean water are also affected by external forces like the sun, moon and the winds

Question 3

What are the major movements of the ocean?

Answer 3

• The major movements of the ocean waters can be classified into three

Question 4

Which three -

Answer 4

• waves - ocean curnents - tides

Question 5

What are waves and ocean curents?

Answer 5

• Waves and ocean currents are horinzontal movements of ocean waters while the tide is a kind of vertical movement of the ocean water

Question 6

What are waves?

Answer 6

• Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water surface
• Waves are a kind of horizontal movement of the ocean water
• They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves accros the ocean surface
• This energy for the waves is provided by the wind
• In a wave, the movement of each water particle is in a circular manner
• A wave has two major parts:the raised part is called the crest while the low-point is called the trough

Question 7

Measurement of waves

Answer 7

• Direction of travel - Calm sea level
• Wave lenght - Wave height
• Crest - Trough

Question 8

Wave Frequency

Answer 8

• The number of wave crest passing point A each second

Question 9

Wave period

Answer 9

• The time required for the wave crest at point A to reach point B

Question 10

Tides -0

Answer 10

• Tides are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth
• They are vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and the atmospheric pressure changes

Question 11

Note

Answer 11

The water movements which are caused by the meteorological effects are known as surges and they aren´t regular like tides

Question 12

The moon´s gravitational

Answer 12

The moon´s gravitational pull to a great extent is the major cause of the occurence of tides (the moon´s gravitational attraction is more effective on the earth than that of the sun)

Question 13

Sun´s gravitational

Answer 13

Sun´s gravitational pull and the centrifugal force due to the rotation of earth are the other forces which act along with the moon´s graviotational pull

Question 14

Earth-Moon system

Answer 14

With the Earth-Moon system, gravity is like a rope that pulls or keeps the two bodies together, and centrifugal force is what keeps them apart. Because the centrifugal force is greater than the Moon´s gravitational pull, ocean water on the opposite side of the Earth bulges outward

Question 15

Continuatition of Tides

Answer 15

• The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundi in Canada
• When the tide is channeled between is lands or into bays and esturies, they are termed as Tidal Currents
• The regular internal between two high or two low tides is 12h and 25min

Question 16

Flow Tide and Ebb Tide

Answer 16

• A flow tide or a flood tide is a rising tide or incoming tide which results in a high tide
• It´s thus the time period between a low tide and a high tide (i.e., the rising time)
• Ebb Tide is the receding or outgoing tide and low tide during which water flows away from the shore

Question 17

Types of Tides

Answer 17

• A. Tides based on the frequency
• Semi-diurnal Tide: they are thghe most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day
• Diurnal Tides: only one high tide and one low tide each day
• Mixed Tide: tides having variations in heights are known as mixed tides. They generally occur along the west coast of North America
• B. Tides based on the sun, the moon, and the earth´s positions
• 1 Spring Tides:
• When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line
• The height of the tide will be higher than normal
• They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (poornima) and the other on the new moon (amavasya)

Question 18

Neap tides

Answer 18

• Occur 7 days after a spring tide
• The sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth
• The graviotational forces of the sun and the moon trend to counteract one another
• The tides during this period will be lower than the normal
• They also occur twice in a month, during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon

Question 19

Magnitude tides

Answer 19

• Perigee: when the moon´s orbit is closest to the earth, it´s called as perigee. During this period, unusually high and low tide occur
• Apogee: when the moon´s orbit is farthest from the earth, it´s called as apogee. Tidal ranges will be much less than the average during this period

Question 20

The 3 types of movement of ocean water

Answer 20

• Waves - Ocean Currents - Tides

Question 21

What is a tide ?

Answer 21

• Tides are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth

Question 22

What combine forces create a tide ?

Answer 22

• They are vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and the atmospheric pressure changes

Question 23

Where are the highest tides in the world ?

Answer 23

-In the Bay of Fundi in Canada

Question 24

Regular interral between high and low tides ?

Answer 24

12 h 25 min

Question 25

Spring tides

Answer 25

- When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line - The height of the tide will be higher than normal - They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (poornima) and the other on the new moon (amavasya)

Question 26

Neap tides

Answer 26

- The sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth - The graviotational forces of the sun and the moon trend to counteract one another - The tides during this period will be lower than the normal - They also occur twice in a month, during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon

Question 27

Draw and label a diagram of intertidal zone

Answer 27

-

Question 28

Swash and backwash

Answer 28

- Waves can be destructive or constructive - When a wake breaks, water is washed up the beach - this is called swash - With a constructive wave, the swash is stronger than the backwash - With a destructive wave, the backwash is stronger than the swash

Question 29

Constructive and deconstructive waves

Answer 29

-

Question 30

Hydralic action

Answer 30

- Air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a acliff face - When a wave breacks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion

Question 31

Abrasion

Answer 31

- Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpapes

Question 32

Atrition

Answer 32

- Wves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother

Question 33

Corrosion

Answer 33

- Acids ontained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone

Question 34

Wave pounding

Answer 34

- The action of the weight of pounding waves

Question 35

Longshore drift diagram

Answer 35

-

Question 36

Solution

Answer 36

- Minerals are dissolved in sea water and carried in solution - The load isnt visible - Load can come from cliffs made from chalck or limestone and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution