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Exams > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What are we going to talk about?

A

Coasts and glaciations

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2
Q

The power of the sea

A
  • Ocean water is never still. There are different types of movement of ocean water under the influence of different characteristics
  • temperature - salinity - density
  • movements of ocean water are also affected by external forces like the sun, moon and the winds
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3
Q

What are the major movements of the ocean?

A
  • The major movements of the ocean waters can be classified into three
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4
Q

Which three -

A
  • waves - ocean curnents - tides
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5
Q

What are waves and ocean curents?

A
  • Waves and ocean currents are horinzontal movements of ocean waters while the tide is a kind of vertical movement of the ocean water
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6
Q

What are waves?

A
  • Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water surface
  • Waves are a kind of horizontal movement of the ocean water
  • They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves accros the ocean surface
  • This energy for the waves is provided by the wind
  • In a wave, the movement of each water particle is in a circular manner
  • A wave has two major parts:the raised part is called the crest while the low-point is called the trough
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7
Q

Measurement of waves

A
  • Direction of travel - Calm sea level
  • Wave lenght - Wave height
  • Crest - Trough
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8
Q

Wave Frequency

A
  • The number of wave crest passing point A each second
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9
Q

Wave period

A
  • The time required for the wave crest at point A to reach point B
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10
Q

Tides -0

A
  • Tides are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth
  • They are vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and the atmospheric pressure changes
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11
Q

Note

A

The water movements which are caused by the meteorological effects are known as surges and they aren´t regular like tides

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12
Q

The moon´s gravitational

A

The moon´s gravitational pull to a great extent is the major cause of the occurence of tides (the moon´s gravitational attraction is more effective on the earth than that of the sun)

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13
Q

Sun´s gravitational

A

Sun´s gravitational pull and the centrifugal force due to the rotation of earth are the other forces which act along with the moon´s graviotational pull

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14
Q

Earth-Moon system

A

With the Earth-Moon system, gravity is like a rope that pulls or keeps the two bodies together, and centrifugal force is what keeps them apart. Because the centrifugal force is greater than the Moon´s gravitational pull, ocean water on the opposite side of the Earth bulges outward

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15
Q

Continuatition of Tides

A
  • The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundi in Canada
  • When the tide is channeled between is lands or into bays and esturies, they are termed as Tidal Currents
  • The regular internal between two high or two low tides is 12h and 25min
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16
Q

Flow Tide and Ebb Tide

A
  • A flow tide or a flood tide is a rising tide or incoming tide which results in a high tide
  • It´s thus the time period between a low tide and a high tide (i.e., the rising time)
  • Ebb Tide is the receding or outgoing tide and low tide during which water flows away from the shore
17
Q

Types of Tides

A
  • A. Tides based on the frequency
  • Semi-diurnal Tide: they are thghe most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day
  • Diurnal Tides: only one high tide and one low tide each day
  • Mixed Tide: tides having variations in heights are known as mixed tides. They generally occur along the west coast of North America
  • B. Tides based on the sun, the moon, and the earth´s positions
  • 1 Spring Tides:
  • When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line
  • The height of the tide will be higher than normal
  • They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (poornima) and the other on the new moon (amavasya)
18
Q

Neap tides

A
  • Occur 7 days after a spring tide
  • The sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth
  • The graviotational forces of the sun and the moon trend to counteract one another
  • The tides during this period will be lower than the normal
  • They also occur twice in a month, during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon
19
Q

Magnitude tides

A
  • Perigee: when the moon´s orbit is closest to the earth, it´s called as perigee. During this period, unusually high and low tide occur
  • Apogee: when the moon´s orbit is farthest from the earth, it´s called as apogee. Tidal ranges will be much less than the average during this period
20
Q

The 3 types of movement of ocean water

A
  • Waves - Ocean Currents - Tides
21
Q

What is a tide ?

A
  • Tides are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth
22
Q

What combine forces create a tide ?

A
  • They are vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and the atmospheric pressure changes
23
Q

Where are the highest tides in the world ?

A

-In the Bay of Fundi in Canada

24
Q

Regular interral between high and low tides ?

A

12 h 25 min

25
Q

Spring tides

A
  • When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line
  • The height of the tide will be higher than normal
  • They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (poornima) and the other on the new moon (amavasya)
26
Q

Neap tides

A
  • The sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth
  • The graviotational forces of the sun and the moon trend to counteract one another
  • The tides during this period will be lower than the normal
  • They also occur twice in a month, during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon
27
Q

Draw and label a diagram of intertidal zone

A

-

28
Q

Swash and backwash

A
  • Waves can be destructive or constructive
  • When a wake breaks, water is washed up the beach - this is called swash
  • With a constructive wave, the swash is stronger than the backwash
  • With a destructive wave, the backwash is stronger than the swash
29
Q

Constructive and deconstructive waves

A

-

30
Q

Hydralic action

A
  • Air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a acliff face
  • When a wave breacks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion
31
Q

Abrasion

A
  • Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpapes
32
Q

Atrition

A
  • Wves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother
33
Q

Corrosion

A
  • Acids ontained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone
34
Q

Wave pounding

A
  • The action of the weight of pounding waves
35
Q

Longshore drift diagram

A

-

36
Q

Solution

A
  • Minerals are dissolved in sea water and carried in solution
  • The load isnt visible
  • Load can come from cliffs made from chalck or limestone and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution

Exams (12 decks)

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