Geography Flashcards
What are the 4 layers of the earth? And what are they like?
The outer crust that we live on.
The plastic-like mantle.
The liquid outer core.
The solid inner core.
Name all 4 plate boundaries?
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative
Collision
What is a destructive boundary? And what can happen when they collide.
an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone.
What is a constructive plate boundary? And what can happen from it? And give specific examples
A constructive plate boundary, sometimes called a divergent plate margin, occurs when plates move apart. Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed. An example of a constructive plate boundary is the mid-Atlantic Ridge.
What is a conservative boundary?
transform boundary is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. It ends abruptly and is connected to another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone.
What is a collision boundary?
If two continental plates collide, neither can sink and so the land buckles upwards to form fold mountains.
Describe Sendai (2011) earthquake?
March 11, 2011 - At 2:46pm, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake takes place 231 miles northeast of Tokyo at a depth of 15.2 miles. The earthquake causes a tsunami with 30-foot waves that damage several nuclear reactors in the area. It is the largest earthquake ever to hit Japan.
Give 3 facts about Sendai (2011)?
- A magnitude-9.0 earthquake
- 19,000 people died
- the total cost of the damage caused by the tsunami could reach 25 trillion yen ? or U.S. $309 billion.
Describe Heiti (2010)?
The earthquake hit at 4:53 pm some 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. The initial shock registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was soon followed by two aftershocks of magnitudes 5.9 and 5.5. … A magnitude-8.0 earthquake had struck the Dominican Republic in 1946.
Give 3 facts about Haiti (2010)?
230,000 people died
Magnitude was 7
It costed 14billion dollars to repair after the earthquake
Which earthquake was more destructive, Haiti (2010) or Sendai (2011)?
Heiti had worse impacts economically because they are an LIC, however Sendai suffered more socially because people were left homeless and alone causing mental health issues.
How do u make an earthquake resistant building well?
One way to to make a simple structure more resistant to these lateral forces is to tie the walls, floor, roof, and foundations into a rigid box that holds together when shaken by a quake.
What are the 2 types of volcanoes?
Shield and composite
Name 3 characteristics of a shield volcano?
Smooth shaped volcano
One large vent
Fast running free Lava
Name 3 characteristics of a composite volcano?
Violent disruptions
Cone shaped
Lava is thick and travels at speed
Where is the volcano in Iceland located?
South west Iceland
West of the plate boundary
What happened when the Iceland volcano erupted?
Caused chaos across Europe when it erupted
Why did the volcano in Iceland erupt?
Convection currents caused the plates to move away from each other causing an eruption
What were 2 key effects of the volcano in Iceland erupting?
European Airways were cancelled
Flooding
How did Iceland respond to the volcano eruption?
Measuring reactivity more frequently
More tourism
Solid,strong buildings
Where is Montserrat volcano?
Atlantic Ocean
North America/Caribbean
South of the island
What happened to people when Montserrat erupted?
Mass evacuation 19 people dead Loss of jobs Poor living conditions Living in bad areas
What happened to the environment when Montserrat erupted?
Pyroclastic flow covered the southern part of the Island
Why do people live near volcanoes?
Volcanic soil- nutrient rich and is perfect to grow soil on
Geothermal energy- generate electricity in some countries, very cheap and environmentally friendly
Why don’t people live near volcanoes?
Lahars- Most deadly volcanic force
Lava flow- moves slow but is dangerous
Effects of ash- eg. Crops dead
Give 2 examples on how citizens can prepare for an eruption?
Government give warning when activity is being shown
Have a certain evacuation plan/route
