Biology - Plant, Specialised Cells and Animal cells Flashcards
What does multi-cellular mean?
An organism (living thing) that consists of many cells
Are plant and animal cells multicellular?
Ye both are
What do animal and plant cells have in common?
Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
What is the nucleus of a cell?
It’s like the brain of the cell, it is a small circular structure which contains the cells genetic information (DNA, GENES, CHROMOSONES)
What is the cytoplasm?
It’s the liquid inside cells, where reactions including respiration occurs
What is the cell membrane?
It’s a flexible thin material on the outside of cells that controls what comes in and out.
In plants where is the cell membrane?
Just inside the cell wall
What is the cell wall?
Rigid external structure that provides support and shape for the plant cell, it is made cellulose
What is the vacuole?
It is the large section in the middle of many plant cells where sugars and salts are stored
What are chloroplasts?
They are small green structures, they contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Are mitochondria found in both plant and animal cells?
Both, they are Small oval structures they are found in the cytoplasm and respiration occurs in them
What is an organelle?
It’s a tiny cellular structure which performs specific functions within a cell, for example nucleus
List 4 organelles within a cell?
Mitochondria- respiration
Ribosome- makes protein
Nucleus- houses genetic info
Cytoplasts (only in plants)- photosynthesis
Tell me more about what a ribosome does?
It is a complex molecule of RNA and proteins, they make a factory for making proteins from amino acids
Tell more about what a mitochondria does?
They are found in large numbers in cells, they are where the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur
Specialised cells
Red blood, what is it?
They are found in the blood so in animals only, they are circular, have a dipped shape to increase the surface area to be able to absorb a lot of oxygen, they don’t have a nucleus
Specialised cell
Sperm cell and Egg cell, what are they?
They are the sex cells that will in the future possibly form a new young organism when fertilisation occurs
Describe a sperm cell?
It is the make reproductive cell, it has 2 parts,tail and head, this design helps it to carry out its function,the head contains a nucleus to pass on genetic information when fertilisation occurs. The tail is stream lined and needs a lot of energy to swim and find an egg
What is another name for a sperms tail?
Axial filament
What is another name for the head of the sperm cell?
Acrosome, it contains the nucleus
Specialised cells
Root hair cell, what is it?
Found in the roots of plants (at the edge), it has a long root hair to increase the surface area to absorb as much water as possible
Specialised cells Palisade cells (plants only) what are they?
They are green cells packed full of chloroplasts which contains chlorophyll they enable photosynthesis to occur
What is photosynthesis?
Plants capture light energy and convert carbon dioxide and water into energy stores
Specialised cells
Egg cell, what are they?
Large cell that contains an energy store to enable a young organism to develop when the egg is fertilised
How would you recognise a lung cell?
A lung cell would have a big surface area on one side to allow gas exchange
