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Social Sciences 6-12 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the surface of the Earth, including aspects like climate, topography, vegetation & population

A

Geography

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2
Q

What are the 3 questions geography seeks to answer?

A

Where? Why there? What are the consequences of it being there?

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3
Q

Identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns in space and the interconnections of various spaces

A

Spatial Perspective

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4
Q

What are the four branches of geography?

A

Human Geography, Physical Geography, Regional Geography & Topical/Systemic Geography

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5
Q

The study of humans and the cultures they create relative to their space.

A

Human Geography

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6
Q

This study of geography looks at how people’s activity relates to the environment politically, culturally, historically, and socially.

A

Human Geography

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7
Q

The study of the physical environment of the Earth including water, animals, air and land

A

Physical Geography

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8
Q

This study of geography divides the world into different realms

A

Regional Geography

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9
Q

The systematic studies of climate, landforms, economics, and culture

A

Topical/Systemic Geography

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10
Q

Deals with the relationship between population patterns and geography

A

Population Geography

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11
Q

Studies the effect of geography on politics such as national boundaries and state relationship

A

Political Geography

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12
Q

Studies the interaction between the Earth’s landscape and the economic activity of the human population

A

Economic Geography

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13
Q

What are the five themes of Geography?

A

Location, Places, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Regions

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14
Q

The exact whereabouts of a person, place or thing

A

Absolute Location

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15
Q

Measured in meridians east and west of the Prime Meridian

A

Longitude

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16
Q

Measured in parallels north and south of the Equator

A

Latitude

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17
Q

Description of a relationship of a place between or among other places

A

Relative Location

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18
Q

A unique combination of physical & cultural attributes that give each location on Earth its individual “stamp”

A

Place

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19
Q

The natural environment of a place and comes from geological, hydrological, atmospheric and biological processes in the area.

A

Physical Characteristics

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20
Q

Changes made to the environment as a result of human ideals and actions

A

Human Characteristics

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21
Q

This theme of geography looks at the positive and negative effects that result from human interaction with the environment

A

Human-Environment Interaction

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22
Q

What is the biggest issue with Human-Environment Interaction?

A

Interactions between human & environment can change quickly and may only be temporary.

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23
Q

How and why people, places, and things are connected to and dependent upon one another.

A

Movement

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24
Q

How ideas, innovation and ideology spread from one area to another

A

Cultural Diffusion

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25
Q

How places interact through movement, the extent of this depends on distance.

A

Spatial interaction

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26
Q

The degree to which distance interferes with some interactions.

A

Friction of Distance

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27
Q

The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity that seems to bring humans in distant places together, but it only reduces perceived distance

A

Space-Time Compression

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28
Q

When interaction between two places declines as distance between them increases

A

Distance Decay

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29
Q

What are the three basic types of regions?

A

Formal Regions, Functional Regions, Vernacular Regions

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30
Q

Areas that have common cultural or physical features and are often defined by government or administrative boundaries

A

Formal Regions

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31
Q

Another term for Formal Regions

A

Uniform Regions

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32
Q

Regions that are linked by some function’s influence on them, but if the function ceases to exist so does the region.

A

Functional Regions

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33
Q

Another term for Functional Regions

A

Nodal Regions

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34
Q

Loosely defined regions based on people’s perceptions

A

Vernacular Regions

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35
Q

Natural processes that shape the Earth’s physical systems and features are…

A

Air, Land, Water, Animals

36
Q

What are the seven main natural processes that have shaped Earth’s landforms, physical features, and systems?

A

Plate Tectonics, Weathering, Transportation, Erosion, Freezing & Thawing, Gravity, Deposition

37
Q

What are many landforms the byproducts of?

A

Interactions between natural processes that produced sediments which were then deposited (dunes, deltas, glacial moraines)

38
Q

The physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface

A

Weathering

39
Q

When soil and rock debris is loosened and carried away

A

Erosion

40
Q

What are agents of erosion?

A

Streams, Glaciers, Wave Action, Wind, Mass Movement

41
Q

What is the most potent erosive force on Earth and why?

A

Wave Action, because it is controlled by gravity.

42
Q

Theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken down into a dozen plates that float and cause landforms as they separate, collide, and slide past each other.

A

Plate Tectonics

43
Q

The way of life that characterizes a certain region

A

Culture

44
Q

The interaction with the Earth as caused by people’s culture

A

Cultural Ecologu

45
Q

The view that the environment can overpower people, determine their culture, and the direction/extent of their developent

A

Environmental Determinism

46
Q

The view that culture overpowers and shapes the environment

A

Human-Cultural Determinism

47
Q

What are the three lenses that human-cultural determinism can be seen through?

A

Impact of Culture on Interaction, Impact of Vegetation, Impact of Landforms

48
Q

The study of how social and environmental change occurs in the context of power relations, social structures, economic issues & human-environment interactions.

A

Political Ecology

49
Q

A two dimensional model of Earth or a portion of its surface

A

Map

50
Q

The process of map making

A

Cartography

51
Q

This map shows political boundaries (states, cities, capitols, countries)

A

Political Map

52
Q

This map shows landforms and bodies of water in an area

A

Physical Map

53
Q

This map shows climate, vegetation, population density, or historical trends (among other options)

A

Thematic Map

54
Q

What are the four main map properties?

A

Shape, Size, Distance and Direction

55
Q

The geometric properties of the objects on the map are its

A

shapes

56
Q

The relative amount of space taken up by landforms or other objects on the map

A

Size (Area)

57
Q

The represented space between objects on the map

A

Distance

58
Q

The degree of accuracy representing the cardinal directions and their intermediate directions

A

Direction

59
Q

What are the six parts of a map?

A

Title, Compass, Scale, Labels, Key and Contour

60
Q

This reveals the subject of the map and gives an idea of the information displayed on the map

A

Title

61
Q

This orients a map

A

Compass (Compass Rose)

62
Q

This tells how much smaller the distance on the map is to the actual distance.

A

Scale

63
Q

These are words or phrases that explain features on a map

A

Labels

64
Q

This explains or shows what symbols or colors on a map mean

A

Key (Legend)

65
Q

This style of map depicts elevation

A

Contour Map

66
Q

The closer together these are on a contour map, the steeper the elevation

A

Contour Lines

67
Q

These are graphical representations of numerical data and detail relationships between parts of data.

A

Graphs & Charts

68
Q

The horizontal border on a graph or chart

A

X Axis

69
Q

The vertical border on a graph or chart

A

Y Axis

70
Q

What are the seven main features of a graph or chart?

A

Title, Diagram, Dimensions, Scale, Labels, Data, Legend

71
Q

This is located above the main graphic and describes information contained within the graph or chart.

A

Title

72
Q

This represents visualizations of the underlying data in a graph or chart.

A

Diagram

73
Q

This is expressed along the axes of a chart

A

Dimensions

74
Q

The only type of chart without axes is a

A

Pie Chart

75
Q

This is marked by periodic graduations and accompanied by numerical or categorical indications

A

Scale

76
Q

This is located on each axis and describes what sort of dimensions it represents

A

Labels

77
Q

This is what is represented by the graph or chart

A

Data

78
Q

This lists the variables used on a graph or chart and gives an example of their appearance

A

Legend

79
Q

This type of graph or chart shows how something changes with respect to time.

A

Area Chart

80
Q

An area chart shows what?

A

Contribution over time of each type of data in a series to form a whole picture.

81
Q

Horizontal and vertical blocks or bars are used in this type of graph or chart to compare amounts or frequency of distinct times or shows single items at distinct intervals

A

Bar Chart

82
Q

This chart or graph compares items at distinct intervals and is arranged in categories along the horizontal axis with values along the vertical

A

Column Chart

83
Q

This type of graph or chart allows one to look at two pieces of information that are both similar and dissimilar. It plots the value of the data as a “point” and “connects the dots” to illustrate the relationship of consecutive points.

A

Line Chart

84
Q

This type of graph or chart represents a part to whole relationship between data groups.

A

Pie Chart

85
Q

The pieces of a pie chart are called its

A

Sectors

86
Q

Data in this chart or graph is displayed as a collection of points, but makes no connections, columns, lines, or bars.

A

Scatter Plot

Social Sciences 6-12 (4 decks)

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