Geography 2 Flashcards
What is the Vision Mumbai Project?
TheVision Mumbai projectis improving living conditions in Dharavi by replacing squatter settlements with higher quality flats. With thisproject, there would be more schools, more shops, better health care centers, better roads and more jobs. It is hoped that it will be completed by 2050
Why was the Vision Mumbai Project needed?
The basic problem it tried to solve was Mumbai’s worsening quality of life. Slums have multiplied, and traffic congestion, pollution and water quality are all worse than in 2000.
Benefits of the Vision Mumbai Project?
By 2007, 200,000 people were moved, and 45,000 homes demolished in Dharavi. New flats replaced slums.
By 2015, 72 new trains were introduced on Mumbai’s railways. Platforms were raised to prevent people falling into the ‘gaps’ between trains and platforms – the cause of many deaths.
Piped water and sewerage systems were established for new flats.
Costs of the Vision Mumbai Project?
New 14-storey apartment blocks have split communities.
Small workshops would have to move or go out of business, affecting Mumbai’s recycling industry.
Rents cost more than in the slums.
Urbanisation
the process of making an area more urban (Making it have characteristics of a city, e.g making more buildings)
Rural meaning?
in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.
What are push and pull factors?
Push factors describe the reasons that individuals might emigrate from their homes, including poverty, lack of social mobility, violence, or persecution. Pull factors describe the reasons that an individual might settle in a particular country.
2 enviornmental challenges caused by urbanisation.
Deforestation and Habitat Loss: Expanding urban areas often require clearing forests and natural habitats, leading to loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems.
Air Pollution: Increased vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and construction contribute to poor air quality, leading to health issues such as respiratory problems and contributing to climate change.
Where is mumbai?
Mumbai is a major city located on the western coast of India, in the state of Maharashtra.
What is a city with a population of 10 million people or more called?
A city with a population of 10 million people or more is called a megacity.
Slum
A slum/shanty town: a densely populated usually urban area marked by crowding, run-down/self-made housing, poverty, and social disorganisation.
What is Dharavi?
Dharavi is an area in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia’s largest slums. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000.
Air pollution - Dharavi issue
Poor sanitation - Dharavi issue
Unreliable Supply of Water - Dharavi issue
Traffic Congestion - Dharavi Issue
What is rural urban migration?
It is when people move from the countryside (rural) to a city or town (urban)
Why are cities growing in population (use push and pull factors)
Lack of job opportunities
More access to shops and services
better access to healthcare services
Better access to education
Better access to energy supply
Why do cities grow?
Natural increase
People migrate
Often 20-30 year old
Can start families
Birth rate increase = internal growth
Urban population rises
Rural-urban migration
Push factors -few jobs + poverty
Pull factors - more jobs, education, healthcare, money, access to energy and water, access to shops and services
Environmental issues for a rapidly growing city such as Mumbai?
Air pollution from growing industries
Housing shortages leading to the unplanned growth of slums – leading to diseases being spread easily
More deforestation
Social issues with the rapid growth of Mumbai
Traffic congestion and sanitation issues
Economic issues with the rapid growth of Mumbai
Limited governmental jobs to be given out
Informal economy?
An informal economy (informal sector) is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Some work in the informal sector is illegal sources of income
Disadvantages for the informal economy?
However, there are disadvantages to the informal sector! Here there is no minimum wage, the workers are unlikely to pay taxes, have no holiday rights and often work in dangerous or hazardous conditions
Higher wages - Opportunities
In the city of Mumbai there is a higher income available to people in comparison to the countryside where there are limited opportunities for work. Wages are usually higher in the city also.
Better healthcare - Opportunities
Access to education and healthcare is easier in Mumbai than in surrounding rural areas
3) Chance to earn money in the informal sector - Opportunities
There is an opportunity for people to work in the informal sector and earn money, however this may be a challenge also! However these people may not always get customers.
4) Dharavi is Mumbai’s Recycling machine!
With 15,000 factories dedicated torecyclingand sorting Mumbai’s waste,Dharaviemploys 250,000 people just for this. 80% of Mumbai’s solid waste isrecycledand given new life withinDharavi, an awesomerecyclingmachine
5) Community Spirit
In poorer slum areas such as Dharavi there is often considerable community spirit
6) Shops and Leisure
There are many high-class shopping districts in Mumbai, often aimed at tourists as well as the growing middle class. There is also a lot of music, theatre and entertainment available
