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Year 9 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

The Living World

1
Q

Ecosystem

A

A natural system made up of animals/plants/the environment. It has abiotic and biotic components

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2
Q

Producers

A

Producers convert energy from the environment (mainly sunlight) into sugars (glucose)
Example: plants (convert energy from the Sun)

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3
Q

Consumers

A

Consumers get energy from the sugars produced by the producers.
Example: pond snail = eats plants

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4
Q

Decomposers

A

Decomposers break down plant/animal material and return the nutrients to the soil
Example: bacteria = fungi

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5
Q

Food Chain

A

A food chain shows the direct links between producers and consumers in the form of a simple line
Producer - Primary Consumer - Secondary Consumer - Tertiary Consumer - Decomposer

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6
Q

Food Web

A

A food web shows the interrelationships between producers + consumers (it is more complex than a food chain)

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7
Q

Nutrient Stores

A

Biomass Soil Litter

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8
Q

Examples of Biotic components

A

Trees
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Bacteria
Seeds
Soil

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9
Q

Examples of Abiotic components

A

Sun
Water
Nutrients
Dead animals/plants
Rocks
Fire/heat
Soil

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10
Q

Humus

A

The substance that is left over after plants/animals have undergone a long process of decomposition (by bacteria/fungi)

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11
Q

Leaching

A

The process in which nutrients are washed away by rainfall

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12
Q

Biome

A

A global scale ecosystem

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13
Q

Examples of Biomes

A

Tropical rainforest
Savannah
Desert
Polar ice
Chaparral
Temperate Grassland
Temperate deciduous forest
Tundra (artic + alpine)

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14
Q

The Structure of Vegetation in a Rainforest

A

1) Emergent Layer
2) Canopy Layer
3) Under Canopy Layer
4) Shrub Layer
5) Forest Floor

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15
Q

Latosols

A

The soils in tropical rainforests

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16
Q

Plant Adaptations in the Rainforest

A

Buttress Roots
Stilt Roots
Red Leaves
Lianas
Leaf Angling
Drip Tips
Epiphytes
Thin Bark

17
Q

Causes of Deforestation (in Malaysia)

A

Cattle Ranching
Arable Farming
Subsistence Farming
Logging
Mining
Road Building
Hydroelectric Power
Population Growth

18
Q

Transpiration

A

Where the water held on to the leaves of vegetation is evaporated off because of the intense sunlight

19
Q

Interception

A

Where trees/vegetation collects falling precipitation (rain)

20
Q

Sustainability

A

Sustainability is about meeting the needs of the current population without compromising the needs of future generations

21
Q

Methods of managing deforestation

A

1) Selective Logging
2) Afforestation
3) International Agreement
4) School Visits
5) Eco Tourism
6) Debt Reduction/ Debt Relief

Year 9 (4 decks)

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