Geography Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three main layers of the Earth?
A
The three main layers are the crust, mantle, and core.
2
Q
True or False: The Earth’s crust is the thickest layer.
A
False
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The outer core is primarily composed of _____ and nickel.
A
iron
4
Q
What is the state of matter of the mantle?
A
The mantle is mostly solid but behaves like a viscous fluid over long periods.
5
Q
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for tectonic activity?
A
The lithosphere, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
6
Q
Multiple Choice: What is the temperature range of the inner core? A) 2000-4000°C B) 4000-6000°C C) 6000-8000°C
A
B) 4000-6000°C
7
Q
What is the primary component of the Earth’s crust?
A
The Earth’s crust is primarily composed of silicate rocks.
8
Q
True or False: The mantle is less dense than the crust.
A
False
9
Q
What is the approximate thickness of the Earth’s crust?
A
The Earth’s crust is approximately 5 to 70 kilometers thick.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ core is liquid and generates the Earth’s magnetic field.
A
outer
11
Q
What is the main theory that explains the movement of Earth’s lithosphere?
A
Plate tectonic theory
12
Q
True or False: The Earth’s crust is divided into several large plates that float on the mantle.
A
True
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The movement of tectonic plates is driven by __________ in the Earth’s mantle.
A
convection currents
14
Q
What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
A
Divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries
15
Q
Which type of boundary is characterized by plates moving away from each other?
A
Divergent boundary
16
Q
Short answer: What geological features are commonly formed at convergent boundaries?
A
Mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes
17
Q
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a result of plate tectonics? A) Earthquakes B) Volcanic eruptions C) Weather patterns
A
C) Weather patterns
18
Q
True or False: The Pacific Plate is the largest tectonic plate.
A
True
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The area where two tectonic plates slide past each other is known as a __________ boundary.
A
transform
20
Q
Short answer: What is the theory that explains the creation of new oceanic crust?
A
Seafloor spreading
21
Q
What are tectonic plates?
A
Large sections of the Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact with each other.
22
Q
True or False: Earthquakes only occur at plate boundaries.
A
True
23
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other.
A
transform fault
24
Q
Which type of plate boundary is associated with the formation of mountains?
A
Convergent boundary
25
What is the Ring of Fire?
A region in the Pacific Ocean basin known for its high volcanic and seismic activity.
26
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary? A) Divergent B) Transform C) Convergent D) Static
D) Static
27
Name one major earthquake that occurred at a tectonic plate boundary.
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake in Japan.
28
True or False: Volcanic activity is limited to oceanic plates.
False
29
What is a hotspot in geology?
An area where magma from deep within the Earth's mantle rises to the surface.
30
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the layer of the Earth that is made up of tectonic plates.
lithosphere
31
What are convergent boundaries?
Convergent boundaries are tectonic plate boundaries where two plates move towards each other.
32
True or False: Convergent boundaries can lead to the formation of mountains.
True
33
Fill in the blank: When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is _____ under the continental plate.
subducted
34
What geological feature is commonly formed at convergent boundaries between two continental plates?
Mountain ranges
35
Which type of convergent boundary involves an oceanic plate colliding with another oceanic plate?
Oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary
36
Multiple Choice: What is the primary result of two tectonic plates colliding at a convergent boundary? A) Earthquakes B) Volcanic activity C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B
37
What is a subduction zone?
A subduction zone is an area where one tectonic plate is being forced under another plate.
38
True or False: Convergent boundaries are associated with the creation of rift valleys.
False
39
Name one major mountain range formed by convergent boundaries.
The Himalayas
40
What type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates slide past each other?
Transform boundary
41
What is a divergent plate boundary?
A divergent plate boundary is a region where two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other.
42
True or False: Divergent plate boundaries are typically associated with volcanic activity.
True
43
Fill in the blank: Divergent boundaries often create new _____ as magma rises to the surface.
oceanic crust
44
Which geological feature is commonly formed at divergent plate boundaries?
Mid-ocean ridges
45
What is the primary driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates at divergent boundaries?
Mantle convection
46
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a divergent plate boundary? A) San Andreas Fault B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge C) Himalayas
B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
47
Short Answer: Name one effect of divergent plate boundaries on the Earth's surface.
Formation of rift valleys or mid-ocean ridges.
48
True or False: Divergent boundaries can only occur under the ocean.
False
49
What type of seismic activity is commonly associated with divergent plate boundaries?
Earthquakes
50
Fill in the blank: The _____ is an example of a continental divergent boundary.
East African Rift
51
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere.
52
True or False: Earthquakes can only occur in areas near tectonic plate boundaries.
False
53
Fill in the blank: The point on the Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake originates is called the __________.
epicenter
54
What scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
The Richter scale
55
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary cause of earthquakes? A) Weather changes B) Tectonic plate movements C) Volcanic eruptions
B) Tectonic plate movements
56
What is the name of the seismic waves that travel through the Earth during an earthquake?
Seismic waves
57
True or False: Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same area after a larger earthquake.
True
58
What is the term for the area where two tectonic plates meet?
Plate boundary
59
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the underground point where an earthquake originates.
focus
60
Short answer: Name one method used to predict earthquakes.
Seismographs or monitoring of tectonic activity
61
What is a volcano?
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface that allows molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the Earth's crust.
62
True or False: All volcanoes erupt lava.
False: Some volcanoes emit ash and gases without erupting lava.
63
Fill in the blank: The molten rock that erupts from a volcano is called _____ when it's below the surface and _____ when it reaches the surface.
magma; lava
64
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
The three main types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes.
65
Which type of volcano is known for its broad, gently sloping sides?
Shield volcanoes.
66
What is the term for the opening at the top of a volcano?
The crater.
67
Multiple choice: What is a common volcanic hazard? A) Earthquakes B) Tornadoes C) Floods
A) Earthquakes
68
What is the difference between an active, dormant, and extinct volcano?
An active volcano is currently erupting or has erupted recently, a dormant volcano has not erupted in a long time but may do so again, and an extinct volcano is not expected to erupt again.
69
True or False: Volcanic eruptions can influence the climate.
True: Volcanic eruptions can release ash and gases that affect weather patterns.
70
What is the name of the molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface?
Magma.
71
What year did the Haiti earthquake occur?
2010
72
True or False: The Haiti earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0.
True
73
Fill in the blank: The epicenter of the earthquake was located near ______.
Leogane
74
Approximately how many people died as a result of the Haiti earthquake?
Estimated 230,000
75
What was the primary cause of the massive destruction in Port-au-Prince during the earthquake?
Poor building infrastructure
76
Which fault line is associated with the Haiti earthquake?
Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault
77
True or False: The Haiti earthquake triggered a tsunami.
False
78
What international organization provided significant aid after the earthquake?
United Nations
79
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a major consequence of the earthquake? A) Economic growth B) Displacement of people C) Increase in tourism
B) Displacement of people
80
What was a significant health issue that arose following the earthquake in Haiti?
Cholera outbreak
81
Fill in the blank: The earthquake struck Haiti on January ______, 2010.
12
82
Short answer: Name one major city that was affected by the Haiti earthquake.
Port-au-Prince
83
True or False: The earthquake caused widespread damage to Haiti's hospitals.
True
84
What was one of the main challenges faced by rescue teams after the earthquake?
Debris-blocked access
85
Multiple Choice: Which country provided the most immediate assistance after the earthquake? A) Canada B) United States C) Brazil
B) United States
86
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by sudden disturbances such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
87
True or False: Tsunamis can occur in any body of water.
False. Tsunamis typically occur in oceans and large seas.
88
Fill in the blank: The primary cause of tsunamis is __________.
underwater earthquakes.
89
What is the difference between a tsunami and a regular wave?
Tsunamis are much larger and can travel across entire ocean basins, while regular waves are generated by wind and are limited to the surface.
90
Multiple Choice: What is the average speed of a tsunami in open water? A) 10 km/h B) 100 km/h C) 800 km/h
C) 800 km/h
91
What are the warning signs of a tsunami?
A rapid withdrawal of water from the shore and a loud roar from the ocean.
92
True or False: Tsunamis can occur without an earthquake.
True. They can also be caused by volcanic eruptions or landslides.
93
What does the term 'tsunami wave train' refer to?
It refers to a series of waves generated by a tsunami, which can arrive minutes to hours apart.
94
What should you do if you feel an earthquake in a coastal area?
Move to higher ground immediately, as this may indicate a tsunami is coming.
95
Fill in the blank: The term 'tsunami' comes from the Japanese words 'tsu' meaning __________ and 'nami' meaning __________.
'harbor' and 'wave'.
96
What is a superpower country?
A superpower country is a nation with the ability to influence global events and assert its dominance through military, economic, and cultural means.
97
True or False: A superpower must have a large population.
False
98
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a superpower? A) Strong military B) Economic stability C) Limited cultural influence
C) Limited cultural influence
99
Fill in the blank: A superpower country typically has a __________ military capability.
strong
100
Name one historical example of a superpower country.
The United States or the Soviet Union
101
What role does economic strength play in defining a superpower?
Economic strength allows a superpower to project influence through trade, investment, and aid.
102
True or False: Superpower status is a permanent condition.
False
103
Which two countries are often considered current superpowers?
The United States and China
104
What is 'soft power' in the context of a superpower?
Soft power refers to the ability to influence others through cultural appeal and diplomacy rather than military force.
105
What is one reason why a country may lose its superpower status?
Economic decline or military defeat.
106
Fill in the blank: Superpowers often engage in __________ to maintain their global influence.
diplomacy
107
True or False: Superpowers can exert influence over international organizations.
True
108
What is the significance of cultural influence for a superpower?
Cultural influence helps shape global norms and values, further extending a superpower's reach.
109
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a factor in determining a country's superpower status? A) Geography B) Military technology C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
110
What is the term for the competition between superpowers for global influence?
Geopolitical rivalry
111
What was one of the primary motivations for the expansion of the British Empire?
Economic gain through trade and resources.
112
True or False: The British Empire was the largest empire in history.
True.
113
Fill in the blank: The British Empire reached its greatest extent after the __________ War.
Second World.
114
Which continent was primarily affected by British colonization during the 19th century?
Africa.
115
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 for the British Empire?
It marked the end of the Seven Years' War and expanded British territorial claims in North America.
116
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a territory of the British Empire? A) India B) Canada C) Brazil D) Australia
C) Brazil.
117
What was the role of the East India Company in the rise of the British Empire?
It facilitated trade and political control over India.
118
Short Answer: Name one reason why the British Empire was able to expand so rapidly.
Superior naval power.
119
True or False: The British Empire had a significant impact on the cultures of its colonies.
True.
120
What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?
A period of rapid colonization of Africa by European powers, including Britain, in the late 19th century.
