Geography

Question 1

Core

Answer 1

The central or innermost part of something:

Question 2

Mantle

Answer 2

the layer of the Earth that lies between the crust and the core. It is the thickest layer, making up about 84% of the Earth’s volume

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface

Question 4

Crust

Answer 4

outermost solid layer of the object. It’s like the skin of an apple, relatively thin compared to the other layers.

Question 5

Plate

Answer 5

refers to a massive slab of solid rock that makes up the Earth’s lithosphere.

Question 6

Plate Boundary

Answer 6

the location where two tectonic plates meet

Question 7

Convection Currents

Answer 7

heat-driven cycles that occur in fluids (liquids and gases).

They are caused by differences in temperature and density.

Question 8

Colliding boundary

Answer 8

a type of tectonic plate boundary where two tectonic plates move towards each other.

Question 9

Plate Tectonics

Answer 9

the scientific theory that explains how Earth’s lithosphere (the rigid outer shell of the planet, including the crust and upper mantle) is broken into large tectonic plates.

These plates are in constant motion, slowly moving across the Earth’s surface over millions of years.

Question 10

Separating boundary

Answer 10

a type of tectonic plate boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement creates a gap between the plates, which is filled by magma rising from the Earth’s mantle. As the magma cools and solidifies, it forms new crust, expanding the ocean floor.

Question 11

Sliding Boundary

Answer 11

a type of tectonic plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. This type of boundary is characterized by frequent earthquakes but does not result in the creation or destruction of crust.

Question 12

Subduction

Answer 12

a geological process that occurs at convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate moves beneath another and sinks into the Earth’s mantle

Question 13

Pangea

Answer 13

a supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago. It was a single landmass that contained almost all of the Earth’s landmass

Question 14

Continental Drift

Answer 14

the theory that the Earth’s continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea.

Over millions of years, this supercontinent began to break apart and drift to their current positions.

Question 15

fold mountain

Answer 15

a mountain that forms when two tectonic plates collide, causing the Earth’s crust to buckle and fold. This process, known as orogenesis, results in the formation of large mountain ranges.

Question 16

Anticline

Answer 16

a type of fold in rock layers that forms an arch-like shape. It is characterized by its oldest rock layers being located at its core or center. The limbs of the fold, or the sides, dip away from the central axis.

Question 17

Syncline

Answer 17

geological fold that forms a trough-like s

hape. In a syncline, the youngest rock layers are found at the center of the fold, while the oldest layers are located on the outer edges. The limbs of the fold, or the sides, dip towards the center.

Question 18

Alpine

Answer 18

anything related to mountains, especially the Alps. It often implies high altitudes, cold climates, and specific plant and animal life adapted to these conditions.

Question 19

Armorican

Answer 19

related to the ancient region of Armorica, which roughly corresponds to modern-day Brittany in northwestern France.

Question 20

Caledonian

Answer 20

a geological period or to geological features associated with that period. The Caledonian orogeny was a major mountain-building event that occurred during the Paleozoic Era, approximately 420 to 360 million years ago.

Question 21

Settlement

Answer 21

a settlement can be thought of as a colony or a nesting site. These terms describe a group of animals living or breeding together in a specific location.

Question 22

Habitat

Answer 22

the natural environment where an organism lives. It provides the specific conditions necessary for the organism’s survival and reproduction. A habitat includes all the physical and biological factors that influence an organism,

Question 23

Earthquake

Answer 23

a sudden shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth’s crust. This energy release often occurs along fault lines, where tectonic plates move and interact. The point underground where the earthquake starts is called the focus or hypocenter, and the point directly above it on the surface is the epicenter

Question 24

Focus

Answer 24

The point underground where an earthquake starts: The point of origin of seismic waves.

Question 25

Fault Line

Answer 25

a fracture or break in the Earth's crust along which rocks on either side have moved relative to each other. These movements can be sudden, causing earthquakes, or slow and gradual. Fault lines are important geological features that shape the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in various geological processes.

Question 26

Shockwave

Answer 26

a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. It's characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in pressure, temperature, and density of the medium.

Question 27

Epicentre

Answer 27

the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. It's the point where the earthquake's effects are typically most intense.

Question 28

Seismograph

Answer 28

a scientific instrument used to measure and record ground motion caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources. It consists of a seismometer, which detects ground motion, and a recording device that produces a seismogram.

Question 29

Mercalli scale

Answer 29

The Mercalli intensity scale measures the severity of an earthquake based on its observed effects on people, structures, and the natural environment. It uses Roman numerals from I to XII to describe the intensity of shaking at a specific location.  

Question 30

Magnitude

Answer 30

a measure of the size or extent of something. It can refer to various things, including:

Question 31

Moment

Answer 31

the term "moment" most commonly refers to the seismic moment. This is a measure of the size of an earthquake, reflecting the energy released during the event.

Question 32

Richter scale

Answer 32

The Richter scale, also known as the Richter magnitude scale, is a measure of the strength of earthquakes. It was developed by Charles Richter in 1935.  

Question 33

Magnitude scale

Answer 33

A magnitude scale is a numerical scale used to measure the size or strength of an event, particularly earthquakes. It provides a quantitative way to compare the intensity of different events.

Question 34

Tsunami

Answer 34

A tsunami is a series of large waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, typically in an ocean or a large lake. These waves are often triggered by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or large landslides.

Question 35

Early warning system

Answer 35

An early warning system is a system of tools and processes designed to detect, monitor, and forecast potential hazards, such as natural disasters or other threats. These systems aim to provide timely information to individuals, communities, and authorities to take preventive measures and reduce the impact of the potential disaster.