Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

End of years > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What is weather?

A

The state of the atmosphere at a particular place or time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is climate

A

The average weather of a place, usually over 30 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is precipitation? (multiple choice)

A

Water falling from the sky, measured with a rain gauge in mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is cloud cover meausured? (multiple choice)

A

With your eyes in Oktas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is wind speed measured? (multiple choice)

A

With an anemometer in mph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is wind direction measured? (multiple choice)

A

With a weather vane in compass points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is air pressure measured? (multiple choice)

A

With a barometer in millibars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is relief rainfall

A

When mountains force the air to rise…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is frontal rainfall

A

Caused by warm and cold air masses meeting…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is convectional rainfall

A

When warm air rises and cools…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are sunspots

A

Little black spots on the sun. The more there are, the more energy the sun gives off and the Earth warms up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the Earth’s orbit a natural cause of climate change

A

When the Earth’s orbit is more circular we are closer to the sun and warm up. When the orbit is more oval, we move further away from the sun and cool down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are volcanic eruptions a natural cause of climate change?

A

When super volcanoes erupt, the ash spreads across the atmosphere and blocks out the sun causing a volcanic winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the negative impacts of climate change? (6 marker?)

A

animal extinctions (e.g. polar bears)
water wars (e.g. Egypt and Ethiopia)
Extreme weather (droughts-Ethiopia, heatwaves-Europe, hurricanes-USA, wildfires-Austrailia)
sea level rise- river barriers cost billions and flooding means people lose their homes meaning the governemnt has to pay for housing and repairing what was ruined in floods meaning they do not have enough money so people are homeless and the death rates increase meaning less poeple pay tax and the governemnt loses more money meaning they cannot spend money on healtchare, transport or education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the thinnest layer of the earth

A

The crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mantle

A

The thickest layer of the Earth. It is made from magma

17
Q

What is the outer core

A

made out of metal and is liquid

18
Q

What is the inner core

A

Made out of metal and is solid. It is the hottest layer of the Earth

19
Q

What causes plate movements

A

Convection currents. Magma in the mantle is heated by the outer core causing it to rise to the crust. It cannot break through the crust so it spreads sideways, dragging the plates with it. The magma then cools and sinks back down

20
Q

What is a plate margin

A

where 2 plates meet

21
Q

What are the differences between oceanic and continental crust

A

Oceanic is thinner, heavier,denser and made from basalt whereas continental is thicker, lighter, less dense and made from granite.

22
Q

What are the 4 types of plate margins

A

conservative, destructive, constructive and collision

23
Q

What is a DESTRUCTIVE plate margin (IMPORTANT-Explain question?)

A

When an oceanic and continental plate move towards each other due to convection currents. The oceanic plate sinks as it is heavier. There is friction between the plates causing them to get stuck. This causes an earthquake (friction-pressure-release). If the earthquake takes place under the sea it causes a tsunami. Oceanic plate sinks into the mantle and melts, causing extra magma to rise and force its way through the crust creating a violent (composite) volcano

24
Q

What are the positive impacts of climate change (6 marker?)

A

Increased tourism from warmer temp which provides more income and jobs
More crops can be farmed
If the arctic melts we can access the oil under it- oil can be used to propel vehicles, to heat buildings, and to produce (cheaper) electricity.
If the arctic melts it will open new shipping routes which will make trade easier

25
Q

What is a constructive plate margin?

A

Plates move away from each other due to convection currents. As they move there is friction between cracks in the plates. Friction-pressure-release causes an earthquake. Magma rises and forms a shield (gentle) volcano in space between the plates

26
Q

What is collision

A

2 continental plates move towards each other. Neither sink as they are the same weight. The rocks between the plates are forced up to form fold mountains. Earthquake takes place due to friction pressure release

27
Q

How can you protect a place from an earthquake?

A

Earthquake proof buildings:
-roof weights
-rubber foundations
-shatter proof glass
-cross bracing
Evacuation

28
Q

How can you plan in advance from an earthquake?

A

Grab bag
Plan evacuation route
Supplies
Do drills
Build bunkers
Train emergency services

29
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

the increase in proportion of people living in towns and cities

30
Q

What are examples of push factors (negative)

A

Expensive housing
Poor housing
Bad healthcare
Water pollution
Noise pollution
Air pollution
Bad education
Little/bad job opportunities
Lack of universities/colleges
Disease
Ageing population
Expensive essentials

31
Q

What are examples of pull factors

A

Good/free healthcare
Good housing
Good education
Lots of good job opportunities
Family
More schools
Cheaper houses
Environmentally friendly
less pollution
Higher income
Religious freedom

32
Q

What are opportunities in the favelas?

A

Informal jobs (no tax)
Cheaper (rent free)
Pedestrian orientation
Residence close to workspace

33
Q

What are challenges in the favelas?

A

Gangs
High crime rate
Bad healthcare
Lack of emergency services
Bad/no education
Pollution
Disease
Dirty water
Densley populated
Bad housing

34
Q

What is sustainable?

A

To meet the needs of our population without damaging the planet

35
Q

What methods can be used in sustainable cities?

A

Increasing green space
renewable energy (solar panels,
Planting trees
Growing own food
Electric cars
Clearing pollution
saving water
electric, cheap transport
encouraging cycling
improving healthcare and education
Energy efficient houses

36
Q

Why do sea levels rise

A

Global warming is causing global mean sea level to rise in two ways. First, glaciers and ice sheets worldwide are melting and adding water to the ocean. Second, the volume of the ocean is expanding as the water warms.

End of years (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions