Geography Flashcards
Explain why earthquakes and volcanoes occur at these boundaries.
As the oceanic plate descends under continental plate tension forms due to pressure
and energy is suddenly released as shockwaves
At the subduction zone friction causes the oceanic plate to melt and pressure rises
forcing the magma to rise upwards as a volcano
Define
Epicentre
The point on the earth’s surface directly (vertically) above the focus of an
earthquake.
Define focus
Focus: The point in the earth crust where the earthquake happens.
Impacts from haiti earthquake
developed idea which explains why these impacts arouse and they caused
such problems ‘2000 people died in the disaster which is particularly bad, mainly they died by
buildings collapsing’
Capital of haiti
Port-Au-Prince
Explain one short term response to the Haiti earthquake.
People were moved into temporary shelters by charities because they had lost their homes
How an earthquake triggered the 2004 indian ocean tsunami in indonesia
The Indo Australian plate was subducted under the Eurasian plate which created
earthquake under the ocean that caused water to be displaced .
An earthquake causes water to be displaced water is forced upwards and the energy
spreads out, waves get bigger the closer they get to land.
Which of these statements do not make up the definition for sustainability?
(circle one) (1)
a. needs to be balanced between social, economic and environmental
b. must meet the needs of the future population
c. needs to be short term✅
d. cannot impact current population negatively
Explain how nuclear energy can be described as both sustainable and unsustainable
Sustainable: Recyclable energy that doesn’t require fossil fuels to create, this means that the energy is greener and doesn’t emit as much
Unsustainable: only has a limited life and once it is no longer useable for the creation of energy, it must be disposed of carefully which
cause environmental damage.
Give two environmental impacts of the Chernobyl disaster
Negative:Loss of habitats, radiation levels in the atmosphere Positive: re-wilding
Define superpower nations
A superpower is an extremely powerful country, especially
capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful countries. Its power can be felt all over the world
Emerging super powers can be split into BRIC and MINT nations.
Name the 4 MINT nation countries.
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
Explain how evidence supports Plate Tectonic Theory
Plate tectonic theory is supported by many things evidence from fossils as a certain fossil was found in
western africa while also found in southern america.This animal had to live in certain conditions and in the
middle of these two continents.They were unable to swim across and were un-able to live in salt water but
instead had to live in fresh water..Earthquakes and volcanoes are concentrated along plate boundaries.Also we
can see continents and countrys fit perfect like a puzzle.
Who had proposed the jigsaw fit of continents?
Alfred Wegener
Explain why earthquakes and volcanoes are found along plate boundaries
Earthquakes and volcanoes are found along plate boundaries because of movement of Plates.At divergent plate boundaries where they move away from eachother and magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap,forming new crust.Volcanoes form,As the magma rises upward from the mantle along the gap between
two platesThis new crust can crack and form faults which leads to earthquakes.Thereis alot of volcanic activity and earthquakes while at convergant plates where one plate subducts under one another.This leads to
deep ocean trenches to form and lead to the occurance of earthquakes.The volcanoes form as the sinking plate melts as it decends into the mantle,generating magma which rises to the top.At transform boundaries are
where the plates are sliding past eachother.The friction of this builds up and they get stuck and it slips releasing lots of seismic waves causing the ground to shake
Explain how earthquakes and volcanoes occur at Convergent/ Destructive plate
boundaries
Earthquakes and volcanoes occur at convergant/destructive boundaries due to subduction of the less dense
oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate.This subduction leads to intense heat and
pressure,triggering volanic activity.Additionally,the subduction process can cause earthquakes as the plates
grind against eachother and build up loads of pressure until it finally snaps.
Explain the effects of the Montserrat volcano (including facts)
The monserrat volcano had effects as it destroyed vegetation,like forests and covered many parts in lots of
ash and mud.Many homes,buildings such as schools and airports were destroyed.Tourists stopped going and
many lives were lost.Over 2/3 of residents have moved from monserrat.
Explain why human and physical factors caused the Haiti earthquake to be so destructive
The shallow epicentre and proximity to a large population together with badly built buildings with cheap
materials such as bamboo and weak bricks led to many buildings falling on people leaving people dead of
with life threatining injuries.It was also due to it being a 7.0 magniutude on the richter scale. with very little
help from other countries around them.The goverment could not rebuild the country for a long time so many
were left homeless and jobless and some even without family.
Explain the cause of a Tsunami
Most of the tsunamis are caused by previous earthquakes which where one larger plate rides over a smaller
less dense plate and snaps and violent sea floors especially where two plates meet.Due to this lots of Water is
displaced creating massive waves which head for the shores of countrys (haiti).They approach the sea bed and
the tide is pushed back.This causes many deaths as many are amazed at this sight.They cause widespread
damage.
Can I explain what the impacts of the Chernobyl disaster were?
When the reactor 4 expolded the radiaiton went straight in the air and formed radiation clouds and was in the atmosphere which lots of people were killed because of this and the transmiters couldnt pick up how much radiation was in the air because they werent strong enough
What is the structure of the earth and the properties of each of the layers?
The inner core is solid, the outer core is liquid, and the mantle is solid/plastic. This is due to the relative melting points of the different layers (nickel–iron core, silicate crust and mantle) and the increase in temperature and pressure as depth increases.
Plate tectonics theory - what was Wegner’s theory and what was his evidence?
Know at least 2
And jig saw pieace of the contients fossils. Evidence of fossil The same type of plant and animal fossils are found on continents that are now widely separated. Evidence of jig saw The Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America appear to fit together neatly,
What are the names and locations of major plates and plate boundaries?
African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, North American, Pacific and South American
To reduce tectonic hazardz by
Using Another way to reduce risk is by using technology to predict preparation Educating people about what to do, and having regular earthquake drills, are helpful in building capacity to cope. Protection by cross bracing,automactic shutters fire ressitant building materails to protect and drop cover hold on from a earthquake but in a tsunami you can use a tsunami shield 400km like japan
Can I explain the causes and impact of a tsunami in an example location?
An example of causes an impact tsunami and our location is in Indonesia, in December 2004 caused by 9.0 magnitude of earthquake killing more than 250,000 people in a single day who is my volcanic flank collapse this dragon, an underwater landslide causing the tsunami to struck the coastal areas the impact tsunami included wide destruction of coastal errors, displacement of communities and damaged the tsunami resulted in a significant human crisis
What is nuclear power? How does it work?
Nuclear reactors are the heart of a nuclear power plant. They contain and control nuclear chain reactions that produce heat through a physical process called fission
Can I explain how earthquakes are measured? (Richter and Mercalli)
It is measured using a machine called a seismometer. which produces a seismograph. A Richter scale is normally numbered 1-10, though there is no upper limit. The Mercalli Scale is based on observable earthquake damage.
Can I explain what happens at convergent and divergent boundaries? (Earthquakes
and volcano; formation and examples)
Convergent Boundaries:
• Earthquakes: Intense seismic activity from plates colliding.
• Volcanoes: Formed by subduction-induced magma.
• Example: Pacific Ring of Fire, Andes.
Divergent Boundaries:
• Earthquakes: Less powerful as plates move apart.
• Volcanoes: Form as magma fills gaps from plate separation.
• Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, East African Rift.
Can I explain the impacts and responses from the Haiti Earthquake case study?
Impacts: Casualties
1High loss of life.
2. Extensive damage.
3. Large-scale homelessness.
4. Severe economic repercussions.
Responses:
1. Global humanitarian assistance.
2. Immediate relief and support.
3Collaborative reconstruction efforts.
4.Financial support for recovery.
Give named examples of earthquakes or volcanoes that have happened at a
convergent or a divergent plate boundary
Volcanos the cascades mount kilimanjaro earthquakes=in japan the east african rift zone
Social economic and enviormental of haiti
Social=over 2 millions haiti were left without water
Eco=80%of schools in the capital were destoryed
Enviormental=smelly water ways
Whats a superpower
Its when a country with the ability to project its dominating power and influence anywhere in the world
Long term effect haiti
Unmanaged dieases
Why would a tsunami lose energy
Begin to lose energy as they rush on shore
How is nuclear power is created
Nuclear power is made by splitting atoms of uranium. This creative heat turning water into steam. The steam drives turbines that generate electricity
Tempreture of the mantle
1000-3700°
Give a social, economic, environmental impact of Chernobyl
Social=more than 330 000 people have been relocated away from the more affected areas
Economic=had loss about 12.6 billion dollars
Enviormental=released by the accident had many immediate harmful effects on plants and animals living
- Give a short term and a long term impact of Chernobyl
Short term=radiation sickness and cataracts
Long term=thyroid cancer, especially in children and adolescents, and leukaemia among exposed workers
convection currents
heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle.
Plate boundries
–> <–= collision
<– –> =divergent
\ <— = convergent
\
>
> . /
/. /. =conservative
/. <
Name 3 major plates
Eurasian african pacific plate
