Geography

Question 1

What causes waves?

Answer 1

Waves are caused by the wind dragging on the surface of the water.
The length of water the wind blows over is called a fetch

Question 2

What causes a wave to be large

Answer 2

• stronger the wind
• the longer it blows for
• and the longer the fetch
  and the more energy they’ll have

Question 3

What is swash

Answer 3

The waves at the shore they beak giving turbulent water called swash

Question 4

What is Uprush?

Answer 4

The water rushing up the sand is called the uprush

Question 5

Backwash?

Answer 5

The water rolling back is called the backwash another wave will arrive shortly

Question 6

What happens when the backwash has more energy than the uprush

Answer 6

The waves eat at the land dragging pebbles and sand away ( this happens with high steep waves

Question 7

What happens if the uprush has more energy then he backwash

Answer 7

Material is carried onto the land and left there ( this happens with low flat waves) the material builds up to builds up to make a beach

Question 8

Why does the water level change

Answer 8

That’s mainly because of the moon as the moon travels around the earth it attracts the sea and pulls it upwards.
The Sun helps too but it is much further away o it’s pill is not so strong

Question 9

When does high tide occur

Answer 9

High tides occur about every twelve and a half hours with low tides in between

Question 10

What is the drop in sea level from high to low tide called

Answer 10

The tidal range

Question 11

When does the tidal range happen

Answer 11

It changes through the year because the pull on the sea changes as the moon or is earth and earth orbits the Sun

Question 12

What are tides caused by

Answer 12

Tides are caused by the moons gravity and the centripetal force of the moon orbits the sun

Question 13

Types wave 3

Answer 13

Wind driven
Tidal
Tsunami

Question 14

Destructive wave

Answer 14

A talk breaker it breaks down with great force
Taken beach away strong backwash
Weak swash

Question 15

Constructive

Answer 15

Creates puts sand on the beach

Strong swash weak backwash

Question 16

Smallest fetch =

Answer 16

Cause a small wave

Question 17

Big fetch =

Answer 17

Big waves

Question 18

What is prevailing wind

Answer 18

Wind that blows most often in the uk it is a south west wind

Question 19

The waves at work? (1)

Answer 19

1) they wear away or erode the coast. These cliffs are being eroded some of the rock has already been weathered Broken down by the action for the weather and plants that make it easier to erode

Question 20

The waves at work? (2)

Answer 20

They carry away or transport the eroded material

Question 21

The waves at work? (3)

Answer 21

They drop or deposit it in sheltered areas where they lose energy

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

They pound at the rock like a hammer over time this breaks the rock up

Question 23

What is a hydraulic solution

Answer 23

They force water into cracks in the rock that helps to break it
Up

Question 24

What is a solution

Answer 24

They dissolve soluble material from the rock

Question 25

What is abrasion

Answer 25

The fling sand and pebbles against the rock these wear it away like sandpaper

Question 26

What is attrition

Answer 26

The boys of rock that break off also get won down by knocking against each other

Question 27

Shingle

Answer 27

They get smaller and smaller they end up as shingle which is pebbles and sand

Question 28

What causes a fast erosion

Answer 28

The more energy the waves have and the softer the rock

Question 29

Longshore drift

Answer 29

Hundreds of thousands of tones of pebbles and sand get moved along our coastline every year in this way

Question 30

Groynes

Answer 30

Many seaside town build groynes of woods or concrete to stop their beaches being carried away by longshore drift

Question 31

Deposition

Answer 31

Waves continually carry material on and off the land if they carry more on than off a beach forms

Question 32

How does beach form

Answer 32

Beaches from in sheltered areas where the waves have less energy low flat waves carry material up the beach and leave it there some beaches are made of sand and some are shingle

Question 33

What are 3 jobs they shape the coastline

Answer 33

They wear away or erode the coast They carry away or transport the eroded material They drop or deposit in the sheltered areas where they lose energy

Question 34

Erosion

Answer 34

They pound at the rock like a hammer over time this breaks the rock up

Question 35

Hydraulic action

Answer 35

They force water into cracks in the rock. That helps to break it up

Question 36

Solution

Answer 36

They dissolve soluble material from the rock

Question 37

Abrasion

Answer 37

They fling sand and pebbles against the rock these wear it away like sandpaper

Question 38

Attrition

Answer 38

The bits of rock that break off also get worn down by knocking against each other

Question 39

Shingle

Answer 39

They get smaller and smaller they end up as shingle and sand

Question 40

Why do people build groynes

Answer 40

Many seaside towns build groynes of wood or concrete to stop their beaches being carried away by longshore drift

Question 41

What is the process that makes a rock smooth

Answer 41

Abrasion

Question 42

The stronger wind / wave

Answer 42

The bigger the erosion

Question 43

Forming of a headland

Answer 43

Hard rock eroded more slowly than soft rock the result is a cliffs of hard rock

Question 44

Wave - cut platform

Answer 44

The flat area at the base of these cliffs

Question 45

Bay

Answer 45

Here the softer rock has been eroded away leaving a bay

Question 46

Types of headlands

Answer 46

Cave arch and stack

Question 47

Where is the eroded material carried to

Answer 47

Eroded material is carried along the coast by longshore drift

Question 48

Beach

Answer 48

Some is deposited in sheltered area like this bay

Question 49

Salt marsh

Answer 49

Here’s another headland but the longshore drift continues in its usual direction

Question 50

Spit

Answer 50

So sand and shingle are deposited here in the sea and they build up a spit

Question 51

Reasons for the usage of the beach

Answer 51

``` Leisure Fishing Wind power Porta Farming Industry Settlements Defende Dredging ```

Question 52

Three factors to create a storm

Answer 52

Air pressure High tides Strong wind

Question 53

Why could wave slash the promenade

Answer 53

Storm surge

Question 54

Low air pressure

Answer 54

A air pressure is low the air is rising and the sea is pushed upwards

Question 55

High tides

Answer 55

The high tides were at their highest during that time of the month

Question 56

What causes a higher surge

Answer 56

The waves had more time to form stronger

Question 57

What is coastal defense

Answer 57

Coastal defense yelp to protect the water flood or damage a place including erosion

Question 58

Material of the cliffs help erode faster

Answer 58

If the cliffs are made of soft sand making it easier to get eroded

Question 59

How does the rain effect destruction

Answer 59

The water first to the ground the material gets soaked meaning it will erode easier

Question 60

Direction of cliff

Answer 60

If the cliffs are faced to a allow it to have a longer fetch the more damage more waves

Question 61

What tyie of barrier would last the longest

Answer 61

Rock armiur

Question 62

Caravan parks advantages

Answer 62

Caravan parks can be moved easily if there are in danger

Question 63

Which types of defense is stop places from flooding

Answer 63

Sea walls

Question 64

Defendes that reduce waves energy

Answer 64

Rock armour and artificial reef

Question 65

How does the wave energy effect the erosion

Answer 65

The wave energy affects the erosion because it wont have as much power wont transport as much material s