Geographies of mobilization

Question 1

SMs are

Answer 1

essential to any well-functioning democracy. SMs give voice to people and causes outside the established power structure, and through ongoing discussion, education, and mobilisation, create the conditions and pressures necessary for broader debate.

Question 2

Massey, 1994

Answer 2

globalization implies a change in spatial organization and order, and in the associated ‘geometries of power’.

Question 3

Traditional geographies of mobilization

Answer 3

Are rooted in localized places and the nation, state, and appear to be in relative decline.

Question 4

Castells, 1996

Answer 4

Argues that ‘spaces of places’ is being replaced as the ‘spaces of flows’, with the logic and meaning of places being ‘absorbed in the network’.

Question 5

Boli and Thomas, 1999

Answer 5

The rise of global civil society and the activities of tens of thousands of transnational NGOs and anti-globalization SM organizations suggest a fundamental shift away from place-based forms of political organizing and towards transnational mobilization networks.

Question 6

SMs are learning to…

Answer 6

identify, negotiate with, and build alliances among people located in diverse places that are bound up in complex socio-spatial processes.

Question 7

All SMs face the same fundamental problem

Answer 7

how to mobilize widespread support and participation.

Question 8

Olson (1965)

Answer 8

the root of the SMs problems identified as the free-rider dilemma: why would a person participate in collective action when s/he could reap the benefits of others participation without actually becoming involved.

Question 9

Numerous SM theorists have argued what about collective identities

Answer 9

That collective identities are just a fundamental to a sense of selfhood as individual identities. The fact we identify with others allows us to redefine our selfish interest so that it includes our subjective understanding of the larger collectivity.

Question 10

McAdam, Tarrow and Tilly

Answer 10

Explain that in the course of mobilising local networks of black churches, activists ‘had to engage in creative cultural/organisational work, by which the aism of the church and its animating collective identity were redefined to accord with the goals of the emerging struggle.

Question 11

Harvey (96)

Answer 11

Argues that ‘militant particularism’ plays a crucial role in mobilising beyond place-specific social realms. It begins with place-specific experience, but goes beyond the bounds of place as ‘ideas forged out of the affirmative experience of solidarities in one place get generalised and universalised.

Question 12

Barber (1995)

Answer 12

Argues that one real scenario facing the world involves ‘onrushing economic, technological, and ecological forces that demand integration and uniformity and that mesmerise peoples everywhere with fact music, fast computers and fast food, pressing nations into one homogenous global theme park.

Question 13

Habermas, 1987

Answer 13

Reactiosn to the commodification and rationalization process of modernity include not only reactionary, defensive movements, but also progressive, emancipatory ones.

Question 14

A central problem for SMs in a globalising world

Answer 14

becomes how to grasp the flux of meanings and identities (Hannerz, 92) Meanings and identities have never been fixed and static.

Question 15

Cultural globalization produces

Answer 15

an increasing connectedness of varied local cultures. without a clear anchorage in any one territory.

Question 16

Mayer and Geschiere, 1995

Answer 16

Global flows actually appear to entice the construction of new boundaries as much as the reaffirmation of old ones.

Question 17

In a neo-liberl world

Answer 17

Place-based communities increasingly find themselves in competition with each other.

Question 18

Hobsbawn (1996) argued

Answer 18

that class is the common master narrative that can unite the diverse interests of oppressed collectives. While every individual does occupy a class position it does not follow that oppressed collectivites will view their oppression in class terms.

Question 19

Anderson, 1991 - imagined community

Answer 19

Virtually everyone in modern societies are connected to others beyond the realm of everyday social interaction. This large scale, low interaction collective identity is a form of imagined community.

Question 20

Jackie Smith (1997) federation

Answer 20

TNSMOs - a scaler hierarchy including national, regional and/or local branches in addition to transnational HQs

Question 21

Jackie smith, 97 - coalition

Answer 21

Horizontal networks of organisations.

Question 22

Jackie smith, 97 - inidivdual membership

Answer 22

no mediating organisational layers between the individual and transnational organization

Question 23

Jackie smith, 97 - profession

Answer 23

usually individual membership, but with the implied mediating influence of professional organisations.

Question 24

Smith - decrease in

Answer 24

Argues there has been a large drop in federated organisations and the parallel increase in coalitions is due to greater availability of ;email. faxes, and other communication technologies.