geographical consequences of global systems- (international trade and access to market)

Question 1

access to market=

Answer 1

how easily it is for countries and companies to trade with one another

Question 2

what factors affect access to market

Answer 2

• wealth=developed countries put tariffs on good imported from lics- this makes it harder for lics to access the market
• lics depend on loans to remove trading barriers and increase access to market
• access is also increased by being a member of a trading bloc

Question 3

SDT agreements=

Answer 3

• WTO forms special and differential treatment agreements which let lics bypass developed countries tariffs which gives greater market access- profit from it means lics can diversify the range of industries

NEGATIVE= negative effect on developed countries by allowing cheap imports into the country

Question 4

economic impacts of differential access to markets

Answer 4

• hard for countries with poor market access to establish new industries(tncs can make for cheaper)
• lics dependant on selling low value primary products like agricultural goods so gross national income is lower
• high levels of market access=more economic growth as they can trade more

Question 5

social impacts of differential access to markets

Answer 5

• people in countries with better market access tend to have higher paid jobs=more disposable income
• less market access countries have less money avaliable for education and healthcare
• more dangerous working conditions in lics like sweatshops and dangerous factories

Question 6

how trade and market access affects peoples lives

Answer 6

• trade benefits developed countries more than developing ones- hics make profit off lic products so they have the higher wages
• trade and high levels of market access mean that a wide range of goods are available which increases peoples living standards
• trade creates more interdependence between countries(if something goes wrong it effects other countries too)

Question 7

antartica-whaling

Answer 7

• started in the 19th century for oil and whalebone
• north atlantic exploited whales so moved to antartica
• international whaling commission set up in 1946 to end whaling
• 1994 a 50 million km wide sancutary set up
• japan, norway, iceland opposed to for cultural and scientific reasons

Question 8

antartica-fishing

Answer 8

-fishing has now replaced whaling
-1960’s russia exploited fish like rock cod
-concerns of overfishing krill for oil
-other countries like penguins and seals depend on krill
-in 2013 200,000 tonnes of krill was fished
-unsustainable fishing practices could collapse antarticas food web
its threatening species like the patagonian toothfish
-illegal fishing also causes unwanted fish to die in nets