geog field work revision Flashcards
What is fieldwork?(about planning and preparation)
-identify a topic for investigation
(Include one or more research questions)
-choose a fieldwork site and decide the fieldwork time.
(Find a site and time period that are suitable for the topic set)
-design a data collection method
What is fieldwork?(data collection)
-visit the fieldwork site and collect the data to answer the research question(s) set
What is fieldwork?(data processing, analysis and presentation)
-data processing and analysis
(Analysis the data collected,e.g. statistical skills)
-graphical presentation
(Maps,graphs,sketched,diagrams)
What is fieldwork?(interpretation and conclusion)
-interpret the findings and draw an conclusion related to the research questions
What is fieldwork?(evaluation)
-evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the investigation
(Methods used,the suitability of the fieldwork site)
-suggest extensions and improvement for future investigations
What is random sampling?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling?
-giving each member of the population a number
-sample is selected by using either the ‘lottery method or a ‘random number table’
+ve:every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
+ve:simple and easy to apply when the population is small
-ve:must first know the population size in order to assign random numbers
-ve:time-consuming for assigning random numbers when the population is large
-ve:may not be able to cover all strata of the population
What is systematic sampling?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling?
-select our samples at a regular interval in the population
+ve:the population can be evenly sampled
+ve easy/straightforward method of data collection
-ve:need to know the population size
-ve:only applicable when the members of the population are not arranged in an order that affects the focus of the study
What is stratified sampling?
What are advantages and disadvantages of stratified sampling?
-divide the population in groups/strata
-samples are taken from each group/stratum by either random sampling / systematic sampling
-proportional stratified
-disproportional stratified sampling
+ve:fair coverage of all the strata involved,so that it can provide greater precision
+ve:can make correlations and comparisons between sub-groups
-ve:difficult to identify appropriate strata
-ve:time-consuming to find the population size of each stratum beforehand
-ve:more complex to organize and analyse results
What is convenience sampling?
What are advantages and disadvantages of convenience sampling?
-simply select samples a that can be accessed easily and conveniently
(E.g. interview/questionnaire)
-ve:since the samples are not randomly selected,there is a risk of bias and the data collected may be unreliable
What is quota sampling?
What are advantages and disadvantages of quota sampling?
-the population is divided into groups
-a certain number of samples are set to be chosen from each groups
+ve:convenient,less costly,easy to administer,practical when the population size is unkown
+ve:particularly suitable for fieldwork where time is limited and accuracy is not important as it is for professional research
-ve:statistically biased since sample selection depends on the choice of the data collectors.This may be non-random.
What is quota sampling?
What are advantages and disadvantages of quota sampling?
-the population is divided into groups
-a certain number of samples are set to be chosen from each groups
+ve:convenient,less costly,easy to administer,practical when the population size is unkown
+ve:particularly suitable for fieldwork where time is limited and accuracy is not important as it is for professional research
-ve:statistically biased since sample selection depends on the choice of the data collectors.This may be non-random.
