geog chap 11

Question 1

how do transport systems affect the environment?

Answer 1

changing the physical environment and increasing our carbon footprint

Question 2

what are examples of changes made to rivers, mountains and slopes for the transport system?

Answer 2

rivers can be excavated or dammed. mountains can be excavated to build tunnels. slopes can be levelled so the land is flat.

Question 3

what are forms of energy? (for transport activities)

Answer 3

electricity, biofuels and petroleum

Question 4

what are silvers zones?

Answer 4

an zone created in areas with high proportion on senior residents, high accident rate involving elderly residents

Question 5

what are features of silver zones?

Answer 5

reduced speed limit of 40km/h. reduction of number of lanes on road. bright yellow road strips and signs to mark silver zone.

Question 6

how does traffic congestion occur?

Answer 6

when road usage approaches or exceeds road capacity

Question 7

when do traffic congestions normally occur?

Answer 7

during peak hours

Question 8

what are the impacts on health when there are traffic congestions?

Answer 8

poorer physical and emotional wellbeing of drivers and passengers. (drivers may get frustrated, lose concentration and cause accidents)

Question 9

what are the impacts on environment when there are traffic congestions

Answer 9

longer travelling time leads to vehicles staying stationary, causing more fuels to be wasted, leading to higher CO2 emissions

Question 10

what are the health risks when there are traffic congestions

Answer 10

harmful air pollutants such as smog are produced when fuel is burnt. this increases risks of respiratory problems

Question 11

what are the safety risks when there are traffic congestions

Answer 11

road accidents cause damage to property and lives. there would also be an increase in crimes and outrage of modesty

Question 12

what are laws and policies for?

Answer 12

to manage road safety and encourage car-lite initiatives

Question 13

what are road safety campaigns for?

Answer 13

to raise awareness and educate people on importance of road safety to minimize safety risks on people

Question 14

what are car-lite initiatives for?

Answer 14

to reduce the number of cars on the roads to minimize congestion

Question 15

what is road pricing?

Answer 15

making drivers pay a premium when they use popular roads during peak periods

Question 16

what are limitations of road pricing?

Answer 16

wealthy people are willing to pay the premium. does not reduce number of vehices on the road.

Question 17

how does research help transport systems?

Answer 17

helps find ways to make transport systems more sustainable, and also improve mobility

Question 18

what are usages of mobile applications for transport systems?

Answer 18

they provide real-time information annd allow people to plan their travel routes, time and costs(e.g. bus timings)

Question 19

what problems does integrated land use planning solve, and what are its limitations?

Answer 19

traffic congestions.
it might take time to materialise to replan existing towns

Question 20

what are the impacts of clearing the environment for transport?

Answer 20

deforestation, loss of habitats for animals, loss of plant species, more carbon emissions

Question 21

what are ways to mitigate clearing of natural vegetation?

Answer 21

building eco-bridges and designating wildlife corridors

Question 22

what does the energy for transport activities do to the environment?

Answer 22

it produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which increases carbon footprint

Question 23

what are strategies used to prevent road accidents?

Answer 23

speed and red light cameras. speed limit on normal roads to 50km-70km/h.
expressways speed limit is 70km-90km/h.
demerit points and fines.

Question 24

what are strategies used to prevent overcrowding in public transports?

Answer 24

increasing frequency of public transport during peak hours.

Question 25

what are strategies used to prevent crime in transport nodes?

Answer 25

surveillance cameras and more security officers