GEO - Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a side cone on a volcano?

Answer 1

A smaller cone on the side of a volcano, formed by eruptions from a side vent.

Question 2

What is an ash cloud on a volcano?

Answer 2

A large cloud of ash, gas, and particles ejected into the air during an eruption.

Question 3

What is the main vent on a volcano?

Answer 3

An internal pathway through which magma rises to the surface.

Question 4

What is the pyroclastic flow of a volcano?

Answer 4

A fast-moving, hot flow of gas, ash, and volcanic rock fragments.

Question 5

What is the magma chamber in a volcano?

Answer 5

A reservoir of magma beneath the volcano.

Question 6

What are volcanic bombs of a volcano?

Answer 6

Large rock fragments ejected from a volcano during an eruption

Question 7

What is a side vent on a volcano?

Answer 7

An internal side outlet from the main vent of a volcano

Question 8

Where are the three main places where volcanoes originate?

Answer 8

• Hot spots
• Divergent plate boundaries (rifts and mid-ocean ridges)
• Convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones)

Question 9

How do volcanoes form

Answer 9

build themselves out of their own expelled debris.

Question 10

What are the 5 major issues related to volcanic eruptions:

Answer 10

• toxic gases
• lava flows
• pyroclastic flows
• lahars
• volcanic ash release

Question 11

How do earthquakes occur?

Answer 11

two tectonic plates slip past each other after a build up of pressure + cause a tremor

Question 12

Where are earthquakes most common?

Answer 12

Transform boundaries (but still occur at converging + diverging boundaries)

Question 13

Which is faster of P and S waves?

Answer 13

P waves

Question 14

What movements do P waves travel in?

Answer 14

Push-Pull waves - Forward and Backward

Question 15

What movements do S waves travel in?

Answer 15

Shakes Side-to-Side

Question 16

In which order do P and S waves occur?

Answer 16

• P-waves

THEN

• S-waves

Question 17

What state/s of matter cant P waves travel through?

Answer 17

None - can travel through all!!! (YAYAYAY)

Question 18

What state/s of matter cant S waves travel through?

Answer 18

Liquids

Question 19

What did P and S waves help scientists discover about the earth’s interior?

Answer 19

The liquid outer core

Question 20

What are seismic shadow zones?

Answer 20

• areas on Earth where no waves are detected after an earthquake
• because of how the waves travel through different parts of the Earth.

Question 21

Why are there no P and S waves detected after an earthquake through seismic shadow zones

Answer 21

• P waves bend when hitting the solid mantle and the liquid outer core boundary - causes shadow zone
• don’t pass through the liquid outer core - shadow zone

Question 22

What is the amount of degrees beyond which shadow zones are created

Answer 22

104°

Question 23

What are the causes of tsunamis?

Answer 23

• Underwater Earthquakes
• Underwater Landslides
• Volcanic Eruptions

Question 24

How do underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis?

Answer 24

when tectonic plates suddenly move - displacing the water and causing the wave

Question 25

How do underwater landslides cause tsunamis?

Answer 25

large chunk of rock, mud, or sediment falls into the ocean (often triggered by an earthquake), it displaces a lot of water

Question 26

What 2 volcanic eruption elements cause tsunamis?

Answer 26

• explosion or collapse
• release of steam and gases during the eruption can

both displacing large amounts of water