GEO - Chapter 2

Question 1

How is igneous rock formed

Answer 1

• the cooling and solidification of magma orlava.

Question 2

How is sedimentary rock formed

Answer 2

• the accumulation and lithification of sediment

Question 3

What is Lithification

Answer 3

• the process by which sediments come together to form sedimentary rock

Question 4

What are the 3 types lithification can occur

Answer 4

• Compaction
• Cementation
• Recrystallization

Question 5

What is Compaction

Answer 5

• sediments are pressed together due to pressure

Question 6

What is Cementation

Answer 6

• dissolved minerals in the water undergo crystallisation

Question 7

What is Recrystallization

Answer 7

• minerals in sediments are exposed to water and the crystals change their structure

Question 8

How is metamorphic rock formed

Answer 8

• exposure to heat and pressure

Question 9

What trend causes volcanic igneous rocks to have smaller crystal size to plutonic igneous rocks

Answer 9

As the speed of cooling of melted rock is increased, size of crystals is decreased.

Question 10

What is the difference between lava and magma cooling times

Answer 10

lava cools rapidly while magma cools slowly

Question 11

How is lava different to magma

Answer 11

lava is magma that has been errupted and exposed to outside conditions.

Question 12

What are plutonic igneous rocks in formed from

Answer 12

magma

Question 13

What are volcanic igneous rocks formed from

Answer 13

lava

Question 14

Do plutonic or volcanic igneous rocks have larger crystals and WHY?

Answer 14

plutonic igneous rocks have larger crystals

• because of the slower cooling time of magma

Question 15

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock

Answer 15

clastic

chemical

biological

Question 16

How is Clastic sedimentary rock formed

Answer 16

sediments of pre-existing rocks and minerals undergo lithification

Question 17

How is Chemical sedimentary rock formed

Answer 17

water traveling through rocks dissolves minerals which are carried away and are re-deposited when the water evaporates

Question 18

How is Biological sedimentary rock formed

Answer 18

living organisms die, pile up, and undergo

Question 19

How are contact metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 19

Magma comes in contact with surrounding rock - changing via the high temperature

Question 20

How are regional metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 20

High temperature and pressure at deep subduction zones in the earth’s crust

Question 21

What are the 2 types of weathering?

Answer 21

Mechanical weathering

Chemical weathering

Question 22

What 4 things cause mechanical weathering?

Answer 22

• temperature change
• frost action
• roots growing into rock
• animal activity

Question 23

What are the 3 things that cause chemical weathering?

Answer 23

• oxygen
• rainwater
• carbon dioxide

Question 24

What does heat and pressure form

Answer 24

Metamorphic rock

Question 25

What does weathering and erosion form

Answer 25

Sediment

Question 26

What does cooling of magma or lava form

Answer 26

Igneous rock

Question 27

What does melting form

Answer 27

Magma

Question 28

What does compaction and cementation form

Answer 28

Sedimentary rock

Question 29

What rock types can be eroded

Answer 29

All rocks :)