Geo 130 test 2

Question 1

Indo-European

Answer 1

-world’s largest
=because of conquest, imperialism, colonialism
-origin by Turkey (SE Europe)
EX: French, German, English, Hindi …

Question 2

Sino-Tibetan

Answer 2

-second largest family
-use of ideograms
EX: Mandarin, Thai …

Question 3

Niger-Congo

Answer 3

-southern Africa (barrier created by Sahara)
>1,000 languages!
EX: Swahili

Question 4

Afro-Asiatic

Answer 4

-Northern Africa + Middle East
-Semitic, Hermitic languages
EX: Arabic, Hebrew

Question 5

Austronesian

Answer 5

-Pacific Islands + Madagascar
-Malay sub-family
EX: Polynesia, Malaysian …

Question 6

East Asian

Answer 6

-Eastern Asia…duh

EX: Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese

Question 7

Pidgin vs. Creole

Answer 7

-Pidgin created for purpose of trade
=limited in vocabulary
-Creole when 2+ languages converge
=creates new language that is hard to understand

Question 8

Languages and landforms

Answer 8

Barriers
-mountains, desert, swamps
Diffusers
-plains, oceans/seas

Question 9

Languages and landforms

Answer 9

Barriers
-mountains, desert, swamps
Diffusers
-plains, oceans/seas

Question 10

1) Pre-1820

Answer 10

Western Europeans
=(England, France, Germany, Scandinavia…)
-WASP dominant
-motivations : religious freedom, economic
-where : East Coast to Appalachians (rural)

Question 11

2) 1820-1860

Answer 11

Western Europeans + IRISH (potato famine)
NEW : Roman Catholic
-frontier (interior)
-“American” letters (chain migration)

Question 12

3) 1880-1914

Answer 12

Eastern and Southern Europeans (+Asians)
=East (Italians, Poles, Greeks, Jews...)
=Asians - Chinese on RXR
-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (rural to urban)
-quotas (WASPs worried about rise of immigrants)

Question 13

Immigration Pause (1915-1967)

Answer 13

WWI and WWII
Great Depression
Latin Americans fill servicemen vacancies

Question 14

4) 1965-Present

Answer 14

Asians + Latin Americans
-no more quota system
=NOW - ppl w/ skills, education, family connections

Question 15

Compact/Concentric

Answer 15

best shape in terms of:
-administration, communication, transportation…
EX: France, Poland, Cambodia

Question 16

Elongated

Answer 16

6x longer than wide
everything far away
difficult to defend (max. border area)
EX: Chile, Norway, Malawi, Vietnam

Question 17

Prorupt

Answer 17

concentric + elongated tail
=tail has minority group (marginalized)
harder to control tail
bad for transportation
EX: Thailand, Myanmar, Colombia, Italy

Question 18

Fragmented

Answer 18

splintered pieces
=many different languages, ethnic groups
hard for national unity (where to put capital?)
EX: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines

Question 19

Exclave

Answer 19

piece of state’s territory separated by ANOTHER STATE

EX: Alaska

Question 20

Enclave

Answer 20

part of state completely surrounded by another territory

EX: Lesotho

Question 21

Mathematical/Geometric boundary

Answer 21

straight lines

typically not good for cultural unity

Question 22

Evolutionary boundary

Answer 22

formed relative to human settlement of an area

EX: modern states of Western Europe

Question 23

Physiological boundary

Answer 23

conforms to physical features
=(rivers, mountains, lakes…)
hard to tell dividing line

Question 24

Thropogeographic/Ethnographic boundary

Answer 24

breaks that occur in cultural landscape

=based on cultural traits

Question 25

Genetic boundary (4)

Answer 25

*Antecedent - boundary put in BEFORE settled
*Subsequent - boundary put in AFTER settled
*Superimposed - boundary put down w/ no regard
EX: much of Africa after Berlin Conference
*Relic - boundaries ceased to function
EX: wall dividing East and West Germany