Genotypes and phenotypes Flashcards
What is a phenotype?
The phenotype is the structural, physiological and behavioural appearance of an organism
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
What is a genotype?
The combination of 2 alleles for a particular gene.
What is the study of phylogenetics?
Heritable traits that are caused by chemical modifications to DNA.
What is the genotype identical to?
A) phenotypic expression of the gene concerned.
B) combination of alleles at the gene concerned.
C) karyotype.
D) genome.
B) The combination of alleles at the gene concerned. The genotype of an organism is identical to the phenotypic expression of the gene concerned.
For the two sexes of a mammal, all possible genotypes for a gene with two alleles (A and a) can appropriately be identified as?
Homozygous AA or aa or heterozygous Aa in females for an autosomal gene.
What is the name for a trait that is influenced by more than one gene?
Polygenic.
What is a dominant genotype?
The dominant trait will be expressed phenotypically.
What is homozygous?
When the genotype for a particular gene is comprised of two identical alleles.
What is heterozygous?
When the genotype for a particular gene comprises os two different alleles.
What is hemizygous?
In a male, it describes the genotype with respect to any gene carried on either the X or the Y chromosome, which comprises just a single allele for each gene.
What is an x- linked gene?
A gene with its locus on the X chromosome.
What is an Y- linked gene?
A gene with its locus on the Y chromosome.
What is an autosomal gene?
A gene that is found on any of the chromosomes other than sex chromosomes.
Can a genotype be measured?
No, a genotype is not visible, only its phenotypic effects can be seen or measured.
What factors can affects the phenotype?
- the genotype
- environmental influences
- heritable chemical modifications in DNA
