Genomics

Question 1

How many coding genes are there?

Answer 1

20,499

Question 2

How many non-coding genes are there?

Answer 2

23,992

Question 3

How many short variants are there ?

Answer 3

678 million

Question 4

How many structural variants are there?

Answer 4

6 million

Question 5

percentage of the protein coding genes?

Answer 5

1.2%

Question 6

Recombination is higher in -

Answer 6

Females

Question 7

Point Mutations are higher in meiosis in -

Answer 7

Males

Question 8

Percentage of repeats

Answer 8

46%

Question 9

how many human genes originate from bacteria by HGT ?

Answer 9

145

Question 10

percentage of genome originating from retroviruses?

Answer 10

8%

More than the coding 1.2%

Question 11

Largest gene

Answer 11

DMD - Dystrophin

Question 12

Longest coding sequence

Answer 12

TTN - Titin

Question 13

Longest exon

Answer 13

TTN - Titin

Question 14

Gene richest chromosome

Answer 14

19

Question 15

Gene Poorest chromosome

Answer 15

Y

also poor are 13, 18 - trisomy leads to patao and edwards

Question 16

Genes derived from common ancestral genes and have diverged from the parent copy by mutation and selection or drift -

Answer 16

Paralogous Genes

Question 17

Genes with same function in different species -

Answer 17

Ortologous Genes

Question 18

Dysfunctional relatives of genes that have lost their protein coding ability

Answer 18

Pseudogenes

Question 19

Pseudogenes can regulate gene expression by means of:

Answer 19

decreasing the mRNA stability, SiRNA or competitiveness.

Question 20

CpG Islands occurs when in a 200 bp region the n observed-to-expected CpG ratio is greater than __%.

Answer 20

CpG Islands occurs when in a 200 bp region the n observed-to-expected CpG ratio is greater than 60%.

Question 21

In terminaly differentiated cells up to 90% of genome CpG sites are -

Answer 21

methylated

Question 22

How many imprinted genes are there ?

Answer 22

> 100

Question 23

Difference between two genomes ?

Answer 23

0.5%

Question 24

Genetic diversity is higher in _____ than in europe.

Answer 24

Africa

Question 25

Every person carries mutations that inactivate at least 1 copy of ___ genes and both copy of __ genes.

Answer 25

Every person carries mutations that inactivate at least 1 copy of 200 genes and both copy of 20 genes.

Question 26

Beneficial to knockout genes (2 EXAMPLES)

Answer 26

CCR5 - chemokine receptors

FUT2 - required for norovirus infection

Question 27

knockout genes in human increase the risk of genetic diseases in -

Answer 27

consanguineous marriages

Question 28

Functional elements in the genome:

Answer 28

1. Protein coding
2. RNA coding
3. Promoter regions
4. Enhancer Regions
5. Long range chromatin interactions
6. Methylated areas
7. Histone modification

Question 29

essential precentage of the functioning genome?

Answer 29

9%

Question 30

In obesity the strongest association is in ____ 1 and 2 of FTO gene - leading to regulation of _____

Answer 30

In obesity the strongest association is in Introns 1 and 2 of FTO gene - leading to regulation of IRX3/5

Question 31

Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)

Answer 31

post transcriptional silencing of transposons

Question 32

Transcription in mammals is -

Answer 32

Discontinuous

Question 33

why many of the genes show Monoallelic expression? (MAE happens in 15% of genes)

Answer 33

Heterozygous advantage - reduce susceptibility for infections