Basic Terminology

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

set of alleles that make up genetic constitution, either at all loci, or more typically at a single locus

Question 2

homozygote

Answer 2

a person has two identical alleles

Question 3

heterozygote

Answer 3

a person has two different alleles (one normal and one mutant)

Question 4

complex (compound) heterozygote

Answer 4

a person with two different mutant alleles hemizygote

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

observable expression of a genotype (and/or the effect of environment)

Question 6

codominant

Answer 6

both different alleles are expressed

Question 7

dominant

Answer 7

is expressed even in heterozygote form

Question 8

recessive

Answer 8

is expressed only in homozygote form

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

total genetic material of a cell or organism

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

variant of a gene

Question 11

Multiple allelism

Answer 11

gene has many (few-several hundreds) alleles in the population

Question 12

Wild (normal) allele

Answer 12

most frequent allele of a gene in the population

Question 13

Locus

Answer 13

position of a gene in the chromosome

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

DNA sequence encoding functional molecules (mRNA-s, tRNA-s, rRNA-s, miRNA-s)

Question 15

Restriction endonucleases

Answer 15

Used to “cut” DNA fragments in the locations necessary for gene examination

Question 16

PCR

Answer 16

Polymerase Chain Reaction
The synthetic amplification of DNA amount, similar to the natural replication. *Allele Specific Amplification (After Restriction Endonucleases action)

Question 17

Electrophoresis

Answer 17

The method of Separation and visualization of genetic material.

Question 18

Blot

Answer 18

The method of visualization and Hybridization (Annealing) of complementary gene segments.

Question 19

Sanger/NGS

Answer 19

The detection method for the specific sequence of nucleotide within a dna strand - Sequencing.

Question 20

RT-PCR, microarray

Answer 20

Quantitative analysis of RNA