Genome Organization

Question 1

• Histones that are combined with DNA? (4)
• Nucleosome includes?
• Mitochondrial DNA: How many genes? Most come from?
• Average mutations per person?
• How do random effects pan out?
• Percent of DNA shared among humans? Number of SNP’s?

Answer 1

• H2A, H2B, H3, H4
• DNA + histones
• 37; nuclear DNA
• about 30
• Not well usually
• 99.9%; 3 million

Question 2

• What is sattelite DNA?
• Mini satellites?
• Micro satellites?
• Alpha satelites?

Answer 2

• Tandem (lie next to each other) repeats
• Repeated 10-100 BP blocks
• Repeated 2-4 BP blocks
• 171 BP block near centromere which may be important for segregation

Question 3

• Viable spot for a trisomy?
• Example of unstable location?
• Percent GC vs. TA
• Euchromatic regions?
• Heterochromatic regions?
• Genome breakdown: Translated? genes? single copy sequence? Repetitive DNA?

Answer 3

• Gene poor chromosomes
• DiGeorge
• 38% GC; 54% TA
• More relaxed with less repeats
• More condensed with many repeats and often near centromeres
• 1.5%, 20-25%, 50%, 40-50%

Question 4

Interspersed Repeats:

• Retrotransporon? Problem when?
• SINE? Family? Made by?
• LINE? Family? Made by?
• Number of genes? 3 types?
• Gene Families?
• Duplication is essential for?

Answer 4

• Replicate their sequence into other areas of DNA; inserted into a functional gene
• Short, non functional, produced by reverse transcriptase; Aul family
• Long; on RNA by reverse transcriptase and non functional, L1 family
• 25k-30k; 1.) Protein encoding 2.) RNA encoding
  3. ) Psuedogenes (non functional but have functional analog)
• > 85% sequence similarity and similar function
• Evolution