Genitourinary System: General Overview Flashcards
Muscles of the Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani: pubococcygeus puborectalis iliococcygeus and coccygeus (ischicoccygeus)
Muscles of the Urogenital diaphragm
Deep transverse perineal
Urethrae sphincter
Muscles of the Urogenital triangle
Female (bulbocavernosus) or Male (bulbospongiosus)
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal
Muscles of the Anal triangle
Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter
Development of endometrial tissue in extrauterine locations.
S&Sx: moderate to severe lower abdominal, pelvic or low back pain before/during menstruation, irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual spotting, dyspareunia, pain during defecation, and infertility
Endometriosis
Descent of the uterus and cervix into the vagina.
S&Sx: pelvic pressure that increases with exertion, urgency, frequency, urinary incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying, discomfort, vaginal dryness or irritation, dyspareunia, and low back pain that is relieved by lying down
Uterine Prolapse
Inflammation of the prostate gland. Four types: acute bacterial (I), chronic bacterial (II), chronic pelvic pain syndrome (III), and asymptomatic inflammatory (IV)
S&Sx: watery urethral discharge, urgency, frequency, discomfort with urination, and pain with ejaculation.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: pain in perineum, rectum, prostate, penis, testicles, and abdomen
Asymptomatic inflammatory: prostate inflammation in absence of genitourinary tract symptoms
Prostatitis
Kidney damage with normal GFR (90 or greater) Stage
Stage 1
Decrease in GFR (60-89) Stage
Stage 2
Decrease in GFR (30-59) Stage
Stage 3
Decrease in GFR (15-29) Stage
Stage 4
GFR
Kidney failure
Damage to cerebral control that allows for urinary dysfunction
S&Sx: frequent urinary tract infections, leakage of urine, inability to empty the bladder or loss of the urge to urinate when the bladder is full.
Neurogenic Bladder
Loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling. (most common in geriatrics)
Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI)
Loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention
Overflow Urinary Incontinence (OUI)
Loss of urine due to inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom facilities prior to involuntary bladder release
Functional Urinary Incontinence (FUI)
Inadequate urine output in a 24-hour period; less than ml
Anuria
A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that is progressive. Common in males over 60 and can interfere with normal voiding
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Bulging of the bladder into the vagina
Cystocele
Specialized tuft of capillaries that are needed for the filtration of fluid as blood passes through the arterioles of the kidneys
Glomerulus
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Muscular outer layer of the uterus
Myometrium
Condition of developing kidney stones
Nephrolithiasis
Inadequate urine output in a 24-hour period; less than 400 ml
Oliguria
Bulging of the anterior wall of the rectum into the vagina secondary to weakening of the pelvic supporting structures
Rectocele
Coiled tubes found within each lobe of the testes where spermatogenesis takes place
Seminiferous tubules
Urinary Frequency
Voiding more than eight times in a 24-hour period
Urinary Urgency
Sudden desire to urinate that is stronger than usual and difficult to defer
