Genitourinary and Gynecological emergencies

Question 1

primary functions of urinary system (5)

Answer 1

1. regulate fluid and electrolytes
2. excrete waste products
3. regulate BP
4. produce erythropoietin to stimulate RBC synthesis
5. metabolize vitamin D

Question 2

where is urine formed?

Answer 2

nephron of the kidneys

Question 3

risk factors for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (hint: mnemonic PALM-COEIN)

Answer 3

Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
Malignancy

Coagulopathy
Ovulatory disorder
Endometrial
Iatrogenic (ex: IUD insertion)
Not otherwise classified

Question 4

diagnostic tests/findings for AUB

Answer 4

decreased h and h
test for coag. disorders
US to r/o polyps or fibroids
hysteroscopy
endometrial biopsy to assess pathology and integrity of endometrial lining

Question 5

genitourinary trauma (injury to which organs caused by which forms of trauma?)

Answer 5

can cause injury to kidneys, bladder, urethra, or external genitalia

may occur from blunt or penetrating injury

Question 6

genitourinary trauma: renal

Answer 6

majority of renal trauma occurs from blunt trauma, such as direct impact into seatbelt or steering wheel in frontal MVCs or from body panel intrusion in side-impact crashes

Question 7

genitourinary trauma: bladder

Answer 7

majority of bladder trauma occurs from blunt trauma, usually occurring with a pelvic fracture

bladder rupture can result from lap belt restraint

Question 8

genitourinary trauma: urethral

Answer 8

more common in males and may result from trauma and pelvic fracture or from iatrogenic injuries resulting from catheterization

Question 9

genitourinary trauma: external genitalia

Answer 9

more common in males d/t anatomical presentation and greater participation in physical sports, acts of violence, and war.

up to 2/3 of all genitourinary trauma involve external genitalia