Genitourinary

Question 1

This type of incontience is common in type 1 diabetics. It is characterized by episodes of nocturnal enuresis, daytine urinary incontinence, and difficulty starting and maintaining a stream. These symptoms occur in the absence of a sensation of having a full bladder. Explain what type of incontinence this is and its pathophysiology.

Answer 1

Overflow incontinence is common in type 1 diabetics.

It is due to microvascular damage leading to loss of autonomic afferent innervation responsible for sensing a full bladder. Loss of efferent nerves result in impaired detrusor contractility.

One common test finding is increased post-void residual on US or catheterization.

Question 2

Name the types of incontinence and also describe the etiologies for each type of incontinence:

1. Incontinence during coughing, sneezing, or squatting/standing up
2. Sudden urge to urinate; unable to make it to the bathroom before squirting some out

Answer 2

1. Stress incontinence
2. Urge incontinence