Genitourinary Flashcards
Describe a difference in male and female reproductive and urinary systems.
Female - urinary and reproductive system separate
Male - urinary and reproductive system combined at urethra
What is the function of the kidney?
Filter waste
Produce urine
Regulate blood pressure, ions, pH, volume, glucose level
Produce hormone - calcitriol (active vitamin D) and erythropoietin
What are the two main regions of the kidney? What is there function and what part of the nephron do they contain?
Cortex - supporting tissue - glomeruli, bowman’s capsule, convoluted tubules
Medulla - functional tissue - loop of henle
What is polycystic kidney disease?
Autosomal dominant inherited condition
Causes renal failure
High level of parenchymal (nephron) loss
How does urine move along the ureter?
Peristalsis
What type of epithelium lines the bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What is the detrusor?
Smooth muscle wall of the bladder
What is the trigone?
A triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the urethral orifice
What are the two layers of the testes called?
Tunica vaginalis (outer) Tunica albuginea (inner)
Describe the transit of sperm in the testes.
Seminiferous tubules Straight tubules Rete testes Efferent ductules Epididymis
Where do sperm cells mature?
Epididymis
Where in the testes are sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
What is cryptorchidism?
Incomplete bilateral descent of the testicles.
What is varicocoele?
Dilation of pampiniform venous plexus
Possibly due to obstruction of testicular vein
Looks like a bag of worms
What is hydrocoele?
Build up if fluid in the tunica vaginalis.
Penlight examination reveals translucent scrotum
