Genitourinary Flashcards
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testis due to infection
Leopold Maneuvers
Assessment of baby’s position during pregnancy
Hydrocele
Fluid accumulation of the scrotum
Priapism
Prolonged erection
Chadwick Sign
Bluish color change of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis in the scrotum. Often associated with UTI or STI
Station
Measurement of the presenting part of the baby to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis. Recorded as plus and minus signs during labor vaginal exam.
Varicocele
Dilatation of veins in the spermatic cord.
Phimosis
Inability to retract the foreskin
Hypohspadias
Urethral meatus located on the ventral side of the glans penis or base of the penis
Goodell Sign
Softening of the cervix in pregnancy
Paraphimosis
Inability to retract the foreskin after it is moved past the glans penis.
Spermatocele
Cystic accumulation of sperm in the epidiymis
Naegele’s Rule
Calculation for estimated date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting 3 moths and adding 7 days to the patient’s last menstrual period.
Balanitis
Inflammation of the head of the penis
Four Types of Incontinence
stress, urge, mixed & functional
What is stress incontinence?
loss of urine with effort, exertion or the Valsalva maneuver (ex coughing).
most common in women or men s/p prostate/ bladder surgery
Tx for stress incontinence
support the area dt weak muscles: pessery, urethral stents,
Urge Incontinence
“overactive bladder” most common form, urine leaking preceded by the urge to void.
Urge Incontinence Treatment
Treatment: voiding schedule and bladder stretching can help. Think overactive bladder.
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Mixed Incontinence
patients with symptoms from both categories.
Functional Incontinence
inability to get to toilet or lack of awareness to void
Ex: spinal cord injuries or bedridden patient
Incontinence Risk Factors
- Age
- Increased weight
- Depression
- Hysterectomy
- Smoking
- Childbirth
Non-pharmacological Incontinence treatment
Voiding diary may help to characterize the type of incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises are effective and first choice for treatment of stress, urge and mixed incontinence.
Bladder training is effective for urge incontinence.
What medication to use for urge incontinence or overactive bladder?
Tolterodine (Detrol)- muscarinic receptor that limits bladder contraction, increase voiding volume (for urge incont)
What other medication for overactive bladder or urge incontinence?
Oxybutynin (Ditropan) anticholinergic - dry mouth and fecal impaction are SE
can cause sedation & AMS
