Genitourinary

Question 1

Orchitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the testis due to infection

Question 2

Leopold Maneuvers

Answer 2

Assessment of baby’s position during pregnancy

Question 3

Hydrocele

Answer 3

Fluid accumulation of the scrotum

Question 4

Priapism

Answer 4

Prolonged erection

Question 5

Chadwick Sign

Answer 5

Bluish color change of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy

Question 6

Epididymitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the epididymis in the scrotum. Often associated with UTI or STI

Question 7

Station

Answer 7

Measurement of the presenting part of the baby to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis. Recorded as plus and minus signs during labor vaginal exam.

Question 8

Varicocele

Answer 8

Dilatation of veins in the spermatic cord.

Question 9

Phimosis

Answer 9

Inability to retract the foreskin

Question 10

Hypohspadias

Answer 10

Urethral meatus located on the ventral side of the glans penis or base of the penis

Question 11

Goodell Sign

Answer 11

Softening of the cervix in pregnancy

Question 12

Paraphimosis

Answer 12

Inability to retract the foreskin after it is moved past the glans penis.

Question 13

Spermatocele

Answer 13

Cystic accumulation of sperm in the epidiymis

Question 14

Naegele’s Rule

Answer 14

Calculation for estimated date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting 3 moths and adding 7 days to the patient’s last menstrual period.

Question 15

Balanitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the head of the penis

Question 16

Four Types of Incontinence

Answer 16

stress, urge, mixed & functional

Question 17

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 17

loss of urine with effort, exertion or the Valsalva maneuver (ex coughing).

most common in women or men s/p prostate/ bladder surgery

Question 18

Tx for stress incontinence

Answer 18

support the area dt weak muscles: pessery, urethral stents,

Question 19

Urge Incontinence

Answer 19

“overactive bladder” most common form, urine leaking preceded by the urge to void.

Question 20

Urge Incontinence Treatment

Answer 20

Treatment: voiding schedule and bladder stretching can help. Think overactive bladder.

Tolterodine (Detrol)
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Question 21

Mixed Incontinence

Answer 21

patients with symptoms from both categories.

Question 22

Functional Incontinence

Answer 22

inability to get to toilet or lack of awareness to void
Ex: spinal cord injuries or bedridden patient

Question 23

Incontinence Risk Factors

Answer 23

• Age
• Increased weight
• Depression
• Hysterectomy
• Smoking
• Childbirth

Question 24

Non-pharmacological Incontinence treatment

Answer 24

Voiding diary may help to characterize the type of incontinence

Pelvic floor exercises are effective and first choice for treatment of stress, urge and mixed incontinence.

Bladder training is effective for urge incontinence.

Question 25

What medication to use for urge incontinence or overactive bladder?

Answer 25

Tolterodine (Detrol)- muscarinic receptor that limits bladder contraction, increase voiding volume (for urge incont)

Question 26

What other medication for overactive bladder or urge incontinence?

Answer 26

Oxybutynin (Ditropan) anticholinergic - dry mouth and fecal impaction are SE

can cause sedation & AMS