***Genital Tract And Bladder Ultrasound Flashcards
The MYOMETRIUM is ____ echogenicity, with the ENDOMETRIUM distinctly more ______
Midlevel; echogenic
Innermost myometrium
Junction zone *may appear as a thin hypoechoic layer adjacent to the echogenic endometrial stripe
Maximum normal UTERINE dimensions in the adult woman (L x W x AP diameter)
9 x 6 x 4 cm *following menopause, the uterus atrophies to approx. 6 x 2 x 2 cm
The prepubertal, infantile, uterus is _____ shaped
CIGAR
CERVIX makes up about ___the length of the uterus in the ADULT woman and about ___ of the length of the uterus in the PREPUBERTAL girl
1/3; 2/3s
Normal uterine positions in the pelvis include: A. Tilted forward - most common B. Tilted backward toward the sacrum C. Folded anteriorly D. Folded posteriorly
A. Anteverted B. Retroverted C. Anteflexed D. Retroflexed *retroverted or retroflexed uterus appears more globular on transabdominal scanning
Normal ____ appears a flattened muscular tube with echogenic mucosa
Vagina
Defined by the added thickness of the anterior and posterior endometrium
Endometrial thickness
At the end of menstruation, the endometrium is _____
Discrete and thin (2-3mm)
During the proliferation phase, the endometrium assumes a three-line appearance ______ mm thick
4 to 8
Part of the endometrium which will thicken and eventually slough with menstruation
Functional endometrium
At midcycle, the endometrium normally measures _____ mm in double layer thickness
8 to 10
From ovulation to menstruation thru the secretory phase, the endometrium progressively thickens up to ___ mm and becomes more uniformly echogenic
14
In the Normal postmenopausal woman, the echogenic endometrium does NOT exceed ___ mm in thickness
5 to 7
Refers to the ovaries , Fallopian tubes, broad ligament, and ovarian and uterine vessels
Adnexa
Appears in UTZ as oval soft tissue structures with multiple small cystic foci
Ovaries
Average ovary size
4 x 3 x 2 cm, with a maximum of 5cm in any one dimension
Ovary size during: A. Following menstruation B. Estrogen phase C. Midcycle
A. Less than 5 mm B. 10-15 mm C. 20-30 mm (one dominant follicle)
Hemorrhage into the corpus luteum or any follicle produces ____
Hemorrhagic functional cyst
Ovaries usually lie in a shallow ovarian fossa in the angle between the _____ anteriorly and the _____ posteriorly with the Fallopian tubes draped over and around them
External iliac vessels ; ureter
Maximum ovarian volume in postmenopausal woman
6 cc *in infants up to 24 months of age, ovaries are small with a mean volume of 1cc and a maximum volume of 3cc
Formed by rupture and collapse of the dominant follicle during ovulation
Normal corpus lutea
Color Doppler shows an intensely vascular “RING OF FIRE”
Normal corpus lutea
Normal testis is ovoid and smooth , measuring approx. ___ cm in length and ___ cm in diameter
3.5 cm ; 2.0 to 3.0 cm
Dense fibrous capsule covering the testis
Tunica Albuginea
Testis consists of 250 lobules made up of ____ that are the site of spermatozoa development
Seminiferous tubules
The seminiferous tubules unite to form the ___, _____ and finally the _____, which exits the testis at the ______
Tubuli recti; the rete testes; efferent ductules; Mediastinum
Endometrial thickness (in mm) of the following:
(defined by the added thickness of the anterior and posterior endometrium; any fluid or blood within the uterine cavity is excluded)
A. At the end of menstruation
B. Proliferative
C. Midcycle
D. Secretory
E. Post-Menopausal
(p.886)
A. 2-3 mm
B. 4-8 mm
C. 8-10 mm in double-layer thickness
D. 14 mm
E. does not exceed 5-7 mm in thickness
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