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Reproduction > Genital Symptoms and their Non-STI Cause > Flashcards

Genital Symptoms and their Non-STI Cause Flashcards

1
Q

What do the symptoms from microbes result from?

A

The microbe themselves and aberrant immune response

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2
Q

What causes vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

90% candida albicans
Can be C. glbraata et al
Usually acquired from bowel

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3
Q

What are risk factors for vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Changes in host’s environment trigger pathogenicity - e.g. antibiotics disrupting flora of vagina or skin irritation
RF incl. DM, steroids, immunosuppression, pregnancy, reproductive age group (oestrogen)

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4
Q

How do you diagnose VV candidosis?

A

Hx
Ex: fissuring (fish ring, erythema with satellite lesions, cottage cheese discharge)
Ix: gram stained prep, culture (Sabouraud’s medium) but these are shite

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5
Q

What symptoms do you get in VV candidosis?

A

Itchy and cottage cheese discharge

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6
Q

What is the appearance of candida albicans?

A

Pseudohyphae and budding cells

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7
Q

How do you treat VV candidosis?

A

Clotrimazole 500mg PV once + clotrimazole HC if vulvitis or
Fluconazole 150mg PO once
Avoid irritants/Rx of dermatitis

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8
Q

What is the commonest cause of vaginal discharge?

A

BV

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of BV?

A

Watery grey/yellow fishy discharge
May be worse after period/sex as semen alkalinity causes release of amines (fishy)
Sometimes sore/itchy from dampness

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10
Q

What bacteria tends to cause BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
(Tends to be imbalance of bacteria, esp low lactobacilli)
Biofilm forms (adheres to vaginal wall)

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11
Q

What is BV associated with?

A

Sex and vit D deficiency in black woman

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12
Q

What are the complications of BV?

A

Endometritis w. uterine instrumentation/delivery
Premature labour
Increased risk of HIV acquisition

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13
Q

How do you diagnose BV?

A

Characteristic findings/history

Gram stained smear of vaginal discharge may show biofilm of adherent organisms

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14
Q

How do you treat BV?

A

Metronidazole (PO/vaginal gel)
Clindamycin PV
May settle itself
Recurrent ?metronidazole premenstrually

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15
Q

What is balantitis?

A

Inflammation of the glans of the penis

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16
Q

What can cause balantitis?

A

Poor genital hygiene, contact allergies, topical irritants, drug reaction, bacterial infection, yeast infection (gives blochy red appearance)

17
Q

What is posthtitis?

A

Inflammation of the foreskin

18
Q

What is Zoon’s balanitis?

A

Aka plasma cell balantitis

Inflammation of foreskin and glands due to overgrowth of commensals and foreskin failure

19
Q

In which group of people does zoon’s balantitis tend to be in?

A

Old, uncircumcised men

20
Q

How do you treat zoon’s balantitis?

A

Circumcision

21
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Staph aureus or strep pyogenes

22
Q

What is the appearance of impetigo?

A

Yellow crusted lesions with surrounding erythema

23
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Superficial infection of upper dermis and superficial lymphatics caused by GAS

24
Q

What are the clinical features of erysipelas?

A

Sudden onset, sharply dermarcated, tender, erythematic, oedematous warm patches and plaques

25
Q

What can erysipelas cause?

A

Permanent scarring of lymphatic vessels

26
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Fungal species infecting keratinised tissue (skin/hair/nails)
AKA tinea

27
Q

In which group of people are dermatophyte infections most common?

A

Immunocompromised individuals

28
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

Fungal infection of inguinal area

Pruritic erythematous plaques with scaley raised border

29
Q

What is erythrasma?

A

Superficial bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum that causes scaley, pruritic, hyperpigamented rashes

30
Q

What things may lead to perceived genital problems?

A

Regretted sexual encounter
Problems in life
Mental illhealth

31
Q

What is your approach to perceived problems?

A

Acknowledge them

Offer reassurance and benign alternative explanation

32
Q

What is fox-Fordyce spots?

A

Normal sebaceous glands under glans/vulva when you stretch the skin

33
Q

What are vulval papillomatosis?

A

Fine projections of vestibular epithelium

34
Q

What are penile pearly papules/coronal papillae?

A

Normal bumps at bottom of glans

35
Q

What are Tyson’s glands?

A

Smooth bumps around frenulum

36
Q

What are the other causes of genital symptoms?

A

Dynias
Dermatoses
Congenital, e.g. congenital cysts of labia
Traumatic, e.g. ruptured frenulum
Neoplastic
Manifestations of skin dx, e.g. Lichen sclerosis

Reproduction (28 decks)

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