Genital Symptoms Flashcards
What are possible microbial causes of genital symptoms?
Candida
Bacterial Vaginosis
Balanoposthitis
What are non-microbial causes of genital symptoms?
Dermatoses Trauma Cancer Neuromuscular 'Hypervigilance' Iatrogenic Idiopathic
What are some presenting complaints for genital symptoms?
Discharge from an orifice Pain Rashes Lumps and swellings Cuts, sores, ulcers Itching Change in appearance Vague sense of things not being right
What can cause genital symptoms?
STI; public and individual health problem, treatable but not always curable
Other microbial problem; individual healthy problem, treatable, usually curable
Non-microbial; individual health issue
What microbial conditions are not regarded as STD’s?
- Vulvovaginal Candidosis
- Bacterial Vaginosis
- Balanoposthitis; anaerobic/candidal
- Tinea Cruris
- Erythrasma
- Infected sebaceous glands
- Impetigo
- Cellulitis
Describe vulvovaginal candidosis
Very common, usually trivial
90% candida albicans
Can be C.glabrata et al.
Usually acquired from bowel
Often asymptomatic; changes in host environment trigger pathogenicity
If symptomatic - THRUSH
- Itch
- Discharge; classically thick, cottage cheese
How is vulvovaginal candidosis diagnosed?
Characteristic History Examination finsings Investigations - gram stained preparation (low sensitivity) - culture (low specificity)
How is vulvovaginal candidosis (aka thrush) treated?
Azole antifungals
- clotrimazole 500mg PV once
- fluconazole 150mg PO once
Describe bacterial vaginosis
Commonest cause abnormal vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic in 50% Watery grey/yellow “fishy” discharge
May be worse after period/sex
Sometimes sore/itch from dampness
Diagnosis
- characteristic Hx
- examination findings; thin homogenous discharge
- pH
- gram stained smear of vaginal discharge
How is bacterial vaginosis treated?
Antibiotics;
- Metronidazole: oral, vaginal gel
- clindamycin: vaginal
Probiotics
Vaginal Acidification
Describe balanitis
Condition affecting head of penis
- sore, itchy, smelly penis
- redness and swelling
- build-up of thick fluid
- pain on urination
Treatment is generally good hygiene and creams/ointments
Describe dermatophyte infection
aka tinea infection
eg. Trichophyton rubrum
Describe Fox-Fordyce spots
Harmless spots
Normal and most people require no treatment
Describe vulval papillomatosis
Growths on vulva
Congenital
Do not require treatment
Describe coronal papillae
Benign, normal variant
