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Embryology > Genital Embryology > Flashcards

Genital Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which ducts contribute to female genital development?

A

By default, mesonephric (wolffian) duct degenerates, and paramesonephric ducts develop.

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2
Q

What gene is responsible for male genital development?

A

SRY on Y chromosome. Produces testes-determining factor (TDF) –> testes develop.

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3
Q

What cells of the testes contribute to further male genital differentiation

A

Sertoli cells and Leydig cells

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4
Q

What role do Leydig cels play in male genital development?

A

Secrete testosterone, that stimulates development of mesonephric ducts.

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5
Q

What role do Sertoli cells play in male genital development?

A

Secrete Mullerian inhibitory factor - MIF - that suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts.

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6
Q

What are the derivates of the mesonephric ducts?

A

Develops into male internal structures (except
prostate)—Seminal vesicles, Epididymis,
Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens (SEED).

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7
Q

What is the remnant of mesonephric duct called in females?

A

Gartner duct

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8
Q

What are the derivatives of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Develops into female internal structures—
fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portion of vagina
(lower portion from urogenital sinus).

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9
Q

What is the presentation of mullerian agenesis?

A

May present as 1°
amenorrhea (due to a lack of uterine
development) in females with fully developed
2° sexual characteristics (functional ovaries). Differentiate from imperforate hymen.

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10
Q

What does absence of Sertoli cells of MIF production cause?

A

Both male and female internal genitalia, and male external genitalia

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11
Q

What is the derivative of genital tubercle and urogenital sinus in males?

A

Male external genitalia and prostate

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12
Q

What induces formation of male external genitalia?

A

Testosterone converted to DHT by 5-a reductase.

DHT induces formation of male external genitalia and prostate.

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13
Q

What is the consequence of 5a reductase deficiency?

A

Male internal genitalia, ambiguous external genitalia until puberty, when increase in testosterone levels cause masculinization

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14
Q

What uterine anomalies may arise in development?

A 
Septate uterus (incomplete resorption of septum)
Bicornuate uterus (Incomplete fusion of Mullerian ducts)
Uterus didelphys (Complete failure of fusion - double uterus, vagina, and cervix)
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15
Q

What is the effect of septate uterus on fertility?

A

Decreased

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16
Q

What is the effect of bicornuate uterus on ferility?

A

Incr risk of complicated pregnancy

17
Q

What is the effect of uterus didelphys on fertility

A

Pregnancy still possible

18
Q

What develops from the genital tubercle if exposed to DHT?

A

Glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum

19
Q

What develops from the genital tubercle if exposed to estrogen?

A

Glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs

20
Q

What develops from the urogenital sinus if exposed to DHT?

A

Bulbourethral glands and prostate gland.

21
Q

What develops from the Urogenital sinus if exposed to estorgen?

A
  • Greater vestibular glands of Bartholin.

- Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)

22
Q

What develops from the urogenital folds if exposed to DHT?

A

Ventral shaft of penis, penile urethra.

23
Q

What develops from the urogenital folds if exposed to estrogen?

A

Labia minora

24
Q

What develops from the labioscrotal swelling if exposed to DHT?

A

scrotum

25
Q

What develops from the labioscrotal swelling if exposed to estrogen?

A

labia majora

26
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Opening of penile urethra on ventral (bottom) surface of penis.

27
Q

What causes hypospadias?

A

Failure of urethral folds to fuse.

28
Q

What is associated with hypospadias?

A

Inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism

29
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal (top) surface of penis.

30
Q

What causes epispadias?

A

Faulty positioning of genital tubercle

31
Q

What is associated with epispadias?

A

Exstrophy of the bladder

32
Q

What happens to the gubernaculum in males?

A

anchors tests within scrotum

33
Q

What happens to the gubernaculum in females?

A

Ovarian ligament + round ligament of the uterus

34
Q

What happens to the processus vaginalis (evag of peritoneum) in males?

A

Forms tunica vaginalis

35
Q

What happens to the processus vaginalis (evag of peritoneum) in males?

A

Obliterates

Embryology (6 decks)

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