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Embryology > Aortic arches, Branchial apparatus derivatives > Flashcards

Aortic arches, Branchial apparatus derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

What does the 1st aortic arch give rise to?

A

Part of MAXillary artery (branch of ECA).

1st arch is MAXimal.

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2
Q

What does the Second aortic arch give rise to?

A

Stapedial and hyoid artery.

Second = Stapedial

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3
Q

What does the 3rd aortic arch give rise to?

A

Common Carotid and proximal part of internalCarotid.

C is 3rd letter of alphabet.

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4
Q

What does the 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Left: Aortic Arch
Right: Proximal part of right subclavian artery
(4th arch, 4 limbs –> systemic)

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5
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries

Left: ductus arteriosus.

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6
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

A

Right subclavian artery

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7
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve get caught?

A

Crosses under the arch of the aorta at the point of the ductus arteriosus

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8
Q

What are the subdivisions of the branchial apparatus/pharyngeal apparatus?

A

Clefts/grooves - ectoderm
Arches - Mesoderm (muscles, arteries + neural crest (bones, cartilage)
Pouches - derived from endoderm

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9
Q

What is the topographic organization of the branchial apparatus?

A

CAP covers outside to inside.
Clefts are ectoderm - outermost layer
Arches are mesoderm - meaty middle layer.
Pouches are endoderm - Inner indentations

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10
Q

Where is the branchial/pharyngeal apparatus located?

A

Between primitive pharynx and primitive esophagus. 1st-4th = highest to lowest.

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11
Q

How many branchial clefts are there?

A

4.

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12
Q

What does the 1st branchial cleft become?

A

external auditory meatus.

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13
Q

What do the 2nd-4th branchial clefts form?

A

Temporary cervical sinuses, obliterated by 2nd arch mesenchyme.

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14
Q

What happens if a branchial cleft failures to obliterate and leaves a cervical sinus?

A

Branchial cleft cyst within LATERAL neck.

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15
Q

What cartilaginous structures arise from the 1st branchial arch?

A

Meckel cartilage:

Mandible, Malleus (+incus), and spheno-Mandibular ligament

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16
Q

What muscles arise from the 1st branchial arch?

A

Muscles of Mastication.
(temporalis, Masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini.

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17
Q

What nerves arise from 1st branchial arch?

A

CN V2 and V3 (chew)

18
Q

What is treacher collin’s syndrome?

A

1st arch neural crest failures to migrate –> mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities.

19
Q

What cartilaginous structures arise from the 2nd branchial arch?

A 
Reichert cartilage: 
Stapes, Styloid 
process, lesser horn 
of hyoid, Stylohyoid 
ligament.
20
Q

What muscles arise from the 2nd branchial arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression,
Stapedius, Stylohyoid,
platySma, posterior belly
of digastric

21
Q

What nerves arise from 2nd branchial arch?

A

CN VII (facial expression - smile!)

22
Q

What is congenital pharygocutaneous fistula?

A

Persistence of cleft and pouch - fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck.

23
Q

What cartilaginous structures arise from the 3rd branchial arch?

A

Greater horn of the hyoid

24
Q

What muscles arise from the 3rd branchial arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus (think
of styloPHARYNGEOUS
innervated by
glossoPHARYNGEAL nerve)

25
Q

What nerves arise from 3rdbranchial arch?

A 
CN IX (styloPHARYNGEOUS). 
"Swallow stylishly"
26
Q

What cartilaginous structures arise from the 4th-6th branchial arches?

A

Cartilages: thyroid,
cricoid, arytenoids,
corniculate, cuneiform

27
Q

What muscles arise from 4th-6th branchial arches?

A

4th arch: most pharyngeal
constrictors; cricothyroid,
levator veli palatini

6th arch: all intrinsic
muscles of larynx except
cricothyroid

28
Q

What nerves arise from 4th - 6th branchial arch?

A 
4th arch: CN 
X (superior 
laryngeal branch)
"simply swallow"
6th arch: CN 
X (recurrent 
laryngeal branch) 
"speak"
29
Q

What do branchial arches 3 and 4 form?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

30
Q

What does arch 5 make?

A

No major developmental contributions

31
Q

Mnemonic for arch nerves?

A 
at Mcdonalds (golden arches), kids chew (V2, V3)
smile (CN VII)
swallow stylishly (IX)
simply swallow (Xsuperior laryngeal)
then speak (X recurrent larygn).
32
Q

What are the derivatives of the 1st branchial pouch?

A

Develops into middle ear
cavity, eustachian tube,
mastoid air cells.

33
Q

What are the derivatives of the 2nd branchial pouch?

A

Develops into epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

34
Q

What are the derivatives of the 3rd branchial pouch?

A

Dorsal: Inferior parathyroids
Ventral: Thymus

35
Q

What are the derivatives of the 4th branchial pouch?

A

Superior parathyroids

36
Q

What’s weird about the 3rd and 4th branchial pouches?

A

3rd pouch structures end up below 4th pouch structures.

37
Q

What is DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches –> T cell deficiency (thymic aplasia) and hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroids). Associated with truncal cardiac abnormalities.

38
Q

What is MEN2A?

A

Mutation of germline RET - neural crest cells.

  • Parathyroid tumor (3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch)
  • Parafollicular cells - medullary thyroid, derived from 4th/5th pharyngeal pouches.
  • Pheochromocytoma
39
Q

What is cleft lip caused by?

A

Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate).

40
Q

What is cleft palate caused by?

A

Failure of fusion of the two lateral palatine processes or failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes w/ the nasal septum or median palatine process - formation of 2ndry palate.

Embryology (6 decks)

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