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Human Sexuality PSYC 350 > Genital Anatomy & Sexual Response > Flashcards

Genital Anatomy & Sexual Response Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sexual response cycle?

A
  • Sequence of events that arise when a person becomes sexually aroused
  • Primarily physiological, but also involves psychological, cognitive, emotional, and experiential processes
  • Variable and individual
  • NOT the same as a sexual script
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2
Q

3 Sexual Response Cycle Models?

A
  • Masters & Johnson 4 Phase Model (Physiological)
    Based on 2 fundamental processes: vasocongestion (blood flow) & myotonia (muscle tension)
  • Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model (Psychological too but Rigid)
    Incorporates psychological processes
  • Basson’s Circular Model (More fully encompassing)
    Incorporates non-sexual reasons for engaging in sexual activity
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3
Q

Master & Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle
First Phase?

And what methods might we use to assess this phase?

A

Excitement

  • Vasocongestion (blood flow to the genitals) relates in penile erection and vaginal lubrication, within 10-30 seconds of stimulation
  • Penile strain gauge
  • BPP
  • Vaginal lubriaction
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4
Q

Master & Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle
Second Phase?

And what might we expect to see physiologically during this phase?

A

Plateau

Levelling off of responses; dramatic surge of sexual and muscle tension
- Colour depends, Cowper’s Glad Secretion, Marked increase in size of testes, Prostate enlarges
- Colour in labia, Clitoris retracts, uterus elevates, vagina expands, orgasmic platform forms

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5
Q

Master & Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle
Third Phase?

What sexual psychophysiological measures would be most suitable to assess arousal in this phase?

A

Orgasm

Briefest phase, characterised by:
- Muscle spasm and ejaculation in males
- Vaginal and uterine contraction in females

  • Laser doppler good with vulvas but for penises bc they move
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5
Q

Master & Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle
Final Phase?

A

Resolution

The sexual system returns to its unaroused state

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6
Q

Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model? What is the problem with this model?

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement (Arousal)
  • Orgasm

Most notable for its inclusion of desire and , thus, its recognition that psychological processes play a role in sexual response.

Problems
- No variability
- Very sequential, assumes that there are steps that happens in a very specific order
- Imposing a time frame in the sexual response

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7
Q

Basson’s Circular Model + What is one strength of this model?

A

A circular model predominately develop for women with vulvas but has now broadened to other groups.

  • There is not a clear starting point, and there are a lot of different things that feed into the process.
  • Can start with spontaneous “innate” desire, but doesn’t have to -> willingness to find/be receptive
  • More challenging to test in the lab because no clear sequence
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8
Q

Endorsement of Models Descrbing Sexual Resins of Men and Women with a Sexual Partner: An Online Survey in a Population Sample of Danish Adults Ages 20-65 Years.

“Which of these models best capture your sexual response?”

A

M&J model:
- Both men and women showed a strong preference but more for men

Kaplan models:
- Equal preference for men and women

Basson model:
- Weak preference for men but stronger for women

A few found that none of the models captured their sexual response.

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9
Q

Female Genitals: External Genitals?

A
  • Mons Pubic
  • Clitoral Hoof
  • Clitoris
  • Vestibule
  • Perineum
  • Labia Majora
  • Labia Minora
  • Urethral Opening
  • Vaginal Opening
  • Fourchette
  • Anus
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10
Q

The Clitors?

A
  • Complex structure that is mostly internal.
  • It contains erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa)
  • Only the clitroal glans (and clitoral hood) are externally visible.
  • It has far more nerve endings than the vagina
  • The only function of the clitors is pleasure
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11
Q

The Labia Majora?

A
  • These are the “outer lips.”
  • They have many nerve endings and are important for sexual arousal.
  • They provide protection for the sensitive clitoris, labia minor, and vagina.
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12
Q

The Labia Minor?

A
  • These are the “inner lips”. They are hairless folds of skin between labia majora.
  • They are important in sexual stimulation and arousal.
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13
Q

The Vulvar Vestibule & Vaginal Opening?

A

Vulvar Vestibule
- The area of the vulva contained within the labia minor.
- It has a lot of nerve endings and blood vessels.

Vaginal Opening
- A very sensitive region of the vulvar vestibule.

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14
Q

The Vagina (it is internal!)?

A
  • A canal that starts at the vaginal opening and extends up and tilts slightly backwards toward the base of the spine.
  • At rest, the vagina measures about 7.5-12.5 cm into the body. When aroused, it lengthens by 5-7.5 cm!
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15
Q

The Bartholin Glands?

A
  • Small pair of glands that lie to the right and left of the vagina.
  • Their function is unknown.
  • They may contribute to vaginal lubrication just before orgasm.
16
Q

The Skene’s Glands?

A
  • They are a pair of gland on the front wall of the vagina.
  • May be the equivalent of a “female prostate” based on anatomy and secretions.
    They are bellied to contribute to the sensitivity of the G-spot
17
Q

The G-Spot (Grafenberg Spot)

A
  • It is a highly sensitive area on the front wall of the vagina about 5cms from the vagina opening.
  • It can be an extremely pleasurable area for some people, but not others.
  • Some people ejaculate a fluid very similar to male prostate fluid from their urethras.
  • The prevalence of female ejaculation (“squirting”) ranges from 10% to 54% according to self-reports.
18
Q

The penis?

A
  • Male external organs of the penis and the scrotum with testes inside.
  • Functions of the penis include:
    Sexual pleasure
    Urination
    Reproduction
  • The entire penis is sensitive to stimulation, but the glans is the most sensitive part.
19
Q

The penis?

A

Average penis size
- Flaccid length = 9.2cm
- Erect length = 13.1cm

The average angle of erection is 10 degrees above horizontal when standing.
- The angle is diminished when erection is not full.
- It may be a sign of mild erectile dysfunction.

20
Q

Scrotum & Testes?

A
  • The scrotum is a loose puck of skin that hangs under the base of the penis. It contains the testes.
  • The testes are male reproductive and endocrine glands that secrete male sex hormones (androgens) and produce sperm.
21
Q

The Vas Deferens?

A
  • Vas deferens carries sperm to the prostate gland, where they enter the urethra
  • Sperm are transported though the vas deferent by cilia and muscle contractions
  • They are not independently motile at this point (they do not swim)
22
Q

The Seminal Vesicles?

A
  • Two tubular glands next to the prostate gland near the ends of the vas deferens
  • Contributes a sugary, alkaline fluid that makes ip approximately 70% of the ejaculate fluid
23
Q

The Prostate Gland?

A
  • The prostate gland lies directly below the bladder.
  • It recreates a thin, milky, alkaline fluid, resulting in a chemically safe environment to maintain sperm.
  • The alkalinity of seman counteracts the harmful acidity of the penile urethra and the vagina

Stimulating the prostate can be pleasurable:
- Internal stimulation
- External stimulation (perineum)
- Prostate orgasm

24
Q

The Cowper’s Glands?

A
  • The Cowper’s glands are two pea-sized structures that lie on each side of the urethra below the prostate.
  • They secrete pre-ejaculate (pre-cum) that prepares the urethra for the ejaculate upon sexual arousal.
  • This pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain active and healthy sperm.

Human Sexuality PSYC 350 (11 decks)

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