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Science > Genetics Vocabulary > Flashcards

Genetics Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Process by which cells make proteins

A

Protein synthesis

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2
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

Building blocks or nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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4
Q

Traits displayed from a gene

A

Dominant

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5
Q

Diagram used to identify genotypes and prototypes of offspring

A

Punnet square

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6
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

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7
Q

Two different alleles

A

Heterozygous

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8
Q

Gene composition

A

Genotype

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9
Q

Body cells

A

Somatic Cells

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10
Q

A variety of a gene

A

Allele

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11
Q

The expressed allele

A

Dominant

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12
Q

The expressed allele when there is NO DOMINANT trait

A

Recessive

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13
Q

Cell division where DNA is replicated

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

The study of heredity

A

Genetics

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15
Q

Cell division where gametes are produced

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

Half the number of chromosome’s; sex cells

A

Haploid

17
Q

A change in gene chromosome

A

Mutation

18
Q

Production of offspring by one parent

A

Asexual reproduction

19
Q

Two parent genes combine to make offspring

A

Sexual reproduction

20
Q

DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

21
Q

Characteristics of an organism

A

Trait

22
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid; carries genetic
information

A

DNA

23
Q

The shape of DNA; like a twisted ladder

A

Double helix

24
Q

The process by which DNA copies itself

A

DNA replication

25
Q

The transfer of genes or pieces of DNA from
one organism to another

A

Genetic engineering

26
Q

A tool that compares DNA images to determine
relationships

A

DNA fingerprinting

27
Q

Compacted DNA

A

Chromozone

28
Q

A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait

A

Gene

29
Q

Ribonucleic acid; temporary copy of DNA used
to make proteins

A

RNA

30
Q

A group of 3 nitrogenous bases used as a code
for an amino acid

A

Condon

31
Q

RNA to an amino acid

A

Translation

32
Q

Two of the same alleles

A

Homozygous

33
Q

Complete number of body cells

A

Diploid

34
Q

A cell formed by a haploid sperm and ovum

A

Zygote

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