Chapter 16 study guide

Question 1

What is a solution, suspension and colloid?

Answer 1

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. The Tyndall effect is not observed.
Pond water is a suspension, which is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.
A colloid is a type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle out. The Tyndall effect is observed.

Question 2

Heterogeneous vs homogeneous

Answer 2

A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily is called a heterogeneous mixture.
A homogeneous mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout.

Question 3

What was discovered by Earnest Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment? How did he make this discovery?

Answer 3

Earnest Rutherford discovered the nucleus of an atom. The Gold Foil Experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus. Rutherford fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. One in 8,000 bounced back.

Question 4

What is an Isotope?

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

Question 5

What trends do you see when you look left to right across the periodic table?

Answer 5

When you look left to right across the periodic table you see an increase in atomic number, increase in atomic mass, and increase in valence electrons.

Question 6

What trends do you see when you look down the periodic table?

Answer 6

When you look down the periodic table you see the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical and physical properties.

Question 7

What are the three subatomic particles, charges and locations?

Answer 7

Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom
Neutrons have a neutral charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom
Electrons have a negative charge and are located in the electron cloud

Question 8

Compare and contrast the masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Answer 8

The mass of a proton is about the same as that of a neutron ( 1 amu)
The mass of each is approximately 1,800 times greater than the mass of the electron.

Question 9

of protons

Answer 9

Atomic number

Question 10

of neutrons

Answer 10

atomic mass- atomic number

Question 11

of electrons

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

Number of dots?

Answer 12

Valance electrons and also the last number in the top right corner of the element