Genetics - Unit 3 Flashcards
The phenotype a of a homozygous black and a heterozygous black Guinea pig are: A- BB or Bb B- black C- white D- gray
B
What is a change in genetic makeup that results in a new characteristics that may be passed on to offspring?
Mutation
Mendel believed that elements controlling heredity exist in pairs. This has since been supported by the study of ________.
Chromosomes
What is the probability of rolling a four on a dice?
1/6
What is the probability of two sixes showing up when rolling two dice?
1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36
People who have red hair usually have freckles. This can be best explained by ______.
Linkage
A few human traits are carried by genes in the Y chromosome. A man with such a gene will transmit it to (all/half) of his (male/female) offspring.
All
Male
If an individual has the genotype Pp, the gametes produced would be…..
1/2 P
1/2 p
A man who carries a sex linked gene on the X chromosome will transmit this gene to (half/all) of his (female/male) offspring.
All
Female
Who is the Austrian monk who was considered the “father of genetics”?
Mendel
A chromosome which is not directly involved in determining sex is called a(n) _______.
Auto some
The two or more alternate forms of a gene are called ______.
Alleles
The heredity factors that an individual will pass on to its offspring are determined by its ______.
Genotype
Which types of gametes would be produced by a plant of the TtRr?
TR
Tr
tR
tr
A nitrogenous base is bonded to a sugar molecule which in turn is bonded to a phosphate. The molecules name is _________
Nucleotide
DNA is most important to our understanding of living things because it is _________.
A carrier of genetic information
In humans, the gender of a baby is determined by its _______.
Father
(Y-yellow, y-green, R-round, r- wrinkled)
What type of gametes would be produced by a plant homozygous yellow and wrinkled seed?
Yr
All of the genes in a population at any one given time is known as the ______.
Gene pool
A trait which is visible in a heterozygous organism is called _______.
Dominant
A condition in which both alleles in a heterozygous organism are expressed is called ______.
Codominance
A protein which is attached to the red blood cells and determines the blood type of an individual is a(n) _______.
Antigen
The ge tic factor which may become a concern if an expecting mother is negative for is ______ _____.
Rhesus factor
If a color blind man marries a normal vision woman whose father was color blind, the expectation would that ___% of the (sons or daughters) would have (normal or color blind) vision.
50%
Sons
Normal vision
A trait in which is determined by a gene carried on the X chromosome is a(n) ______.
Sex linked trait
Two successive nuclear divisions that produce cells having one half of the genetic material of the original cell are referred to as ____.
Meiosis
A red flower is crossed with a white and the offspring are all pink. What is this an example of?
Multiples alleles
When a defective gene is on the X chromosome, transmission to a son can be ___ _____ the _____.
Only through the mother
A variety of goats with long horns were crossed with a variety of no horns. The f1 produced from this cross had short horns. The f2 showed many degrees of horn length, from long horns to no horns at all. What is this an example of?
Multiple allele inheritance
Crossing over may cause ______ _____ to ______ ______.
Linkage groups
Break apart
Hair color, eye color, and facial features are all examples of _____.
Phenotype a
What is the modern process of adding genetic material to a virus or bacteria?
Genetic engineering
List two similarities between meiosis And mitosis.
Same stages (PMAT) Both have an interphase
List 5 differences between meiosis and mitosis.
Mitosis - in body cells(somatic), chromosome number stays the same, PMAT once, 2 cells produced, for growth and repair
Meiosis- in sex cells, chromosome number is reduced by 1/2, PMAT twice, 4 cells are produced, for reproduction
Name the type of inheritance in the following situation:
A red bull mated with a white cow produces a roan calf.
Codominance
Name the type of inheritance in the following situation:
In crosses of many red eyed fruit flies, we find that the offspring consists of many more white eyed males than females.
X linked traits
Name the type of inheritance in the following situation:
Crosses of fruit flies with 8 chromosomes result in some offspring with 7 chromosomes and others with 9 chromosomes.
Nondisjunction
Name the type of inheritance in the following situation:coat color in Guinea pigs occurs in four forms: black, white, brown, and gray.
Multiple alleles
Name the type of inheritance in the following situation:
Crosses of pure breeding right hand people with pure breeders left handed ones results in all right handed ones.
Dominance
What are the five stages of mitosis in order?
Interphase - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
What major event(s) occurs in interphase?
Cells are growing rapidly, developing new structures and duplicating it’s DNA
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears.
Crossing over occurs during A- anaphase I B- metaphase I C- prophase I D- prophase II
C
What stage do the majority of cells spend their time in?
Interphase
During what phase is DNA replicated?
Interphase
What occurs in metaphase?
Chromosomes move to the centre of the cell and align along the equatorial plate perpendicular to the spindle.
State the major event(s) that occur in anaphase.
Chromosomes strands separate and the chromatids are pulled towards the poles of the cell.
What occurs in telophase?
Chromosomes father at the poles and the nuclear envelope beings to form.
What is the genetic disorder that has an extra 21 chromosome?
Down’s syndrome
What is the genetic disorder that has an extra sex chromosome?
Klinefelters syndrome
What is the genetic disorder that has an extra chromosome 13?
Trisomy 13 syndrome
Who can blood type O donate to?
Everyone - universal donor. Because it has no antigens.
Which blood type is the universal acceptor? And why?
Type AB because it has both antigens and no antibodies, allowing it to receive from anyone.
Can blood type A receive from AB?
No because type A does not have the antigen B.
