Genetics Test

Question 1

Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait Rr

Answer 1

Heterozygous

Question 2

A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross

Answer 2

Punnett square

Question 3

One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

Actual gene make up

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

The likelihood that a specific trait will occur in the next generation

Answer 5

Probability

Question 6

Father of genetics

Answer 6

Mendel

Question 7

Explain what DNA replication is and why it is called a semi conservative type of replication

Answer 7

Replication is the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule. It is called semi conservative because each new strand is paired with an old strand.

Question 8

What is and where does transcription occur?

Answer 8

Transcription is the process of making mRNA from DNA. DNA can’t get out of the nucleus, DNA never leaves the nucleus. Therefore it must pass on its original message to mRNA. MRNA nucleotides pair up with DNA nucleotides. completed mRNA is small and can get out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores. MRNA moves to the cytoplasm and finds the organelle ribosome.

Question 9

What is and where does translation occur?

Answer 9

Translation occurs in ribosomes and ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm

Question 10

What is the correct order of steps for protein synthesis?

Answer 10

DNA to RNA to protein synthesis

Question 11

What is a codon and what does it code for?

Answer 11

The series of three nitrogen bases on mRNA is the codon, the secret code. As stated earlier the order of the three nitrogen bases determines the order of the amino acids in a protein. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino acids.

Question 12

How many chromosomes do you get from each parent?

Answer 12

23 from each parent total of 46

Question 13

Define co-dominance and give an example

Answer 13

When two alleles both appear in the phenotype of the organism. Example is the red coat of a cow having white spots on it.

Question 14

Define incomplete dominance and give an example

Answer 14

When both alleles are present, a new phenotype appears that is a blend of each allele. Example flower colors red and white blending to create a pink flower

Question 15

What is multiple allele inheritance and give a trait example

Answer 15

When two or more alleles contribute to the phenotype. Example is human blood type

Question 16

What is polygenic inheritance and give a trait example

Answer 16

Traits controlled by two or more genes. A trait example is human height, eye color and skin color

Question 17

What is another term for heterozygous

Answer 17

Hybrid or carrier

Question 18

What is the term that means the same thing as pure bred

Answer 18

Homozygous

Question 19

What kind of plants did Mendel conduct his experiments with?

Answer 19

Pea plants to use in his experiments because they reproduce quickly, have easily identifiable traits, and easy to control reproduction

Question 20

What is the P generation

Answer 20

Pure bred plants for all seven traits that Mendel tracked

Question 21

What is the F2 generation?

Answer 21

Hybrids and come up with the ratio of 3:1. 3 yellow to 1 green pea

Question 22

What is the F1 generation

Answer 22

Mendel cross pollinating the F1 generation

Question 23

What is the ratio for F1 generation

Answer 23

F1 were all yellow so 4 to 0 ratio

Question 24

What is the ratio for F2 generations

Answer 24

F2 was 3 yellow and 1 green So ratio of 3 to 1

Question 25

Dd

Answer 25

Heterozygous

Question 26

DD

Answer 26

Homozygous dominant

Question 27

dd

Answer 27

Homozygous recessive

Question 28

Affected individuals have at least one affected parent

Answer 28

Dominant trait

Question 29

Unaffected parents can have affected offspring

Answer 29

Recessive trait

Question 30

The trait generally appears in every generation

Answer 30

Dominant trait

Question 31

Trait is not seen and every generation

Answer 31

Recessive trait

Question 32

Two unaffected parents only have unaffected offspring

Answer 32

Dominant trait

Question 33

There are carriers present in Pedigree, unaffected heterozygous individuals

Answer 33

Recessive trait

Question 34

Define incomplete dominance and give an example

Answer 34

When both alleles are present a new phenotype appears that is a blend of each allele. Example flower colors red and white blending to create a pink flower